1. Modelling Individual Consumer Behaviour Email: [email_address] ; [email_address] 26 th August 2009 School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Kirk Harland Alison Heppenstall

4. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT ESRC First Time Grant Oct 2008 – Oct 2010 Assess different methods of generating population Create population incorporating commercial marketing survey dataset Generate agent rule-sets Replace aggregate demand-side of model with ‘individual’ agents Optional extra… incorporate realistic road network for agents to traverse

5. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Model Overview

8. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Constraints MLSOA: 106 LLSOA: 476 OA: 2439 Constraint DR CP SA CE % CE CE % CE CE % CE Middle Layer Super Output Area Gender 29,510 4.12 102 0.01 0 0.00 Ethnic Group 14,897 2.08 2,290 0.32 0 0.00 Age 128,999 18.03 144 0.02 0 0.00 Marital Status 95,335 13.33 478 0.07 0 0.00 NSSEC 84,731 11.84 4,378 0.61 0 0.00 Highest Qualification 229,407 32.07 2,569 0.36 0 0.00 Lower Layer Super Output Area Gender 30,297 4.23 176 0.02 0 0.00 Ethnic Group 15,631 2.18 4,010 0.56 0 0.00 Age 131,230 18.34 245 0.03 0 0.00 Marital Status 96,453 13.48 842 0.12 0 0.00 NSSEC 88,282 12.34 9,659 1.35 0 0.00 Highest Qualification 228,425 31.93 5,219 0.73 0 0.00 Output Area Gender 33,430 4.67 245 0.03 0 0.00 Ethnic Group 16,707 2.34 5,292 0.74 0 0.00 Age 135,673 18.96 418 0.06 0 0.00 Marital Status 98,696 13.80 1,828 0.26 0 0.00 NSSEC 95,117 13.30 21,939 3.07 0 0.00 Highest Qualification 227,720 31.83 11,385 1.59 0 0.00

15. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT References Birkin, M., and Clarke, M. 1988 , SYNTHESIS-a synthetic spatial information system for urban and regional analysis: methods and examples, Environment and Planning A , 20, pp 1645-1671 Birkin, M., and Clarke, M. 1989 , The Generation of Individual and Household Incomes at the Small Area Level using Synthesis, Regional Studies , 23:6, pp 535-548 Harland, K, Birkin, M.H., Smith, D.M. and Heppenstall, A.J., Creating realistic synthetic populations at Varying Spatial Scales: A comparative critique of population synthesis techniques. In review. Heppenstall, A.J., Evans, A.J. and Birkin, M.H. (2005), A Hybrid Multi-Agent/Spatial Interaction Model System for Petrol Price Setting. Transactions in GIS 9(1): 35 - 51. Heppenstall, A.J., Evans, A.J. and Birkin, M.H., (2006) Application of Multi-Agent Systems to Modelling a Dynamic, Locally Interacting Retail Market. JASSS. vol 9(3). Malleson, N.S., Heppenstall, A.J., and See, L.M., Simulating Burglary with an Agent-Based Model. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. In press. Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P. 1992 , Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing. 2 nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England Schmidt, B. ( 2000). The Modelling of Human Behaviour. SCS Publications, Erlangen, Germany. Smith D., Clarke G., and Harland K. (2009) Improving the synthetic data generation process in spatial microsimulation models. Environment and Planning A . 41. pp 1251-1268 Stillwell, J. C. H., Duke-Williams, O. (2007) Understanding the 2001 UK census migration and commuting data: the effect of small cell adjustment and problems of comparison with 1991, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 170: pp 1–21. Urban, C, (2000). PECS: A reference model for the simulation of multi-agent systems. In Ramzi Suleiman, Klaus G. Troitzsch, and Nigel Gilbert, editors, Tools and Techniques for Social Science Simulation, chapter 6, pages 83–114. Physica-Verlag.

16. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Model Structure – Flexible Modelling Framework

17. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Model Structure – Flexible Modelling Framework

18. School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Model Structure – Flexible Modelling Framework