2. Basic Concept
l Use the same quantity of Fuel Burned for heating
a building
l Increase heat capture efficiency a few percent
l Convert this additional heat capture to Electric
Power.
l Result is Fuel Consumption same as original
system, and heat output same as original system.
l Electric Power output obtained with no net
increase in fuel consumption.
l Environmental benefit of eliminating off-site fuel
consumption, emissions and waste heat to
environs
3. Distributed Generation Project Goals
l Develop Design Criteria of Small
Cogeneration Systems
l Build & Evaluate residential sized
Cogeneration Systems
l Gain Operating Experience
l Identify Technical Issues & Resolutions
4. Coal Fired Rankine System Design
l Automatic Underfeed Stoker, Burns
Anthracite Coal
l 250 PSIG 500F Hybrid Steam Boiler, 100,000
BTU/hr Output
l Unit T1 Design, Steam Turbine - Generator, 1
KW Nominal
l Unit R2 Design, Reciprocating Expander, 2
KW Nominal
l Water Cooled Surface Condenser, heats hot
water for building heating
5.
6. Rankine System Novel Features
l Controls can follow heat demand or electric demand
l 2 x 100% feedwater pumping capability for reliability
l Boiler low water cutouts, 100% redundant, no moving
parts inside boiler pressurized space
l Boiler water level control has no moving parts, plus a
100% redundant trap level control system with one
moving part
l Regenerative heat exchangers conserve high
temperature energy
14. Rankine Power Systems
l Capable of Burning All Fuels
l Reliable Operating Experience
l External Combustion, Long Machinery Life
l Lower Thermal Efficiency
l Could be made as Reliable as typical
Hermetically Sealed Domestic Refrigeration
Machinery
l Needs Significant Development for
Widespread Application
15. Diesel Distributed Generation System
l Use of mature industrial/commercial machinery.
l Burns conventional #2 Heating Oil
l Engine Jacket Coolant and Exhaust Gas Heat
Recovery
l Induction Generator Simplifies Utility Interface
l Controls can follow heat demand or electric demand
l Sound Enclosure for Noise Control
20. Unit D4 Predicted and Actual Performance
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D4 UNIT HEAT RATE
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
LOAD, KWe
GrossHeatRate,BTUhhv/KWe
21. Internal Combustion Distributed Generation
Systems
l Capable of Burning Typical Fuels, Oil & Gas
l Reliable Operation
l Higher Thermal Efficiency
l Proven Cost & Environmental Advantages
l Already available in Special Markets
l Development for Widespread Application
requires Integrated Packaging
