This is a brief report on how to do a scale development on research when testing your quantitative data. This shows you the different processes and programs on how to test based on content, factor, and criterion.

1. TOOLS FOR
DATA COLLECTION
SCALE DEVELOPMENT
REPORTERS:
Baula, Elaine B.
Calas, Francis Albert B.
Decenilla, Fe B.

2. WHAT TO
EXPECT?
Tool A
Tool B
Tool C
MY DATA
COLLECTION
INSTRUMEN
T

3. TOOLS FOR
DATA COLLECTION
MOST FREQUENTLY USED

4. TOOLS
INTERVIEW
OBSERVATION
QUESTIONNAIRE
PHYSIOLOGICAL
MEASURES
PSYCHOLOGICAL
TESTS

5. THESE TOPICS HAVE ALREADY BEEN
DISCUSSED, SO PLEASE REFER TO
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
SURVEY RESEARCH

6. OBSERVATION
-is a method of data
collection where the
researcher
observes
participants in
natural or
structures
organizations.

7. OBSERVATION
-must be done in a
quiet and
inconspicuous
manner
so as to get realistic data.

8. 4 TYPES OF
OBSERVATIONAL
ROLES
COMPLETE
OBSERVER
OBSERVER
AS
PARTICIPANT
PARTICIPANT
AS
OBSERVER
COMPLETE
PARTICIPANT

9. THOUGHTS TO
PONDER
Do you agree that the observer
should be concealed from the
participants?

10. PHYSIOLOGICAL
MEASURE
-involve in the
collection of
physical data
from the subjects.

11. PHYSIOLOGICAL
MEASURE
A D VA N TA G E
-more accurate
and objective than
other data collection
methods

12. PHYSIOLOGICAL
MEASURE
DISADVANTAGE -skills and
expertise are
neededto enable the
researcher to apply and
manipulate the devices used
in the measurement

13. PSYCHOLOGICAL
TESTS
-they include
personal
inventories and
projective
techniques.

14. PSYCHOLOGICAL
TESTS
PERSONAL
INVENTORIES
-Can be used to look at
your behaviors,
past behaviors, and
possible behaviors in
hypothetical situations.

15. SOURCE: https://www.16personalities.com/personality-types

16. PSYCHOLOGICAL
TESTS
PROJECTIVE
TECHNIQUES
-commonly employs
ambiguous
stimuli, notably
inkblots, and enigmatic
pictures

17. THEMATIC
APPERCEPTION
TEST

18. RORSCHACH
INKBLOT
TEST

19. THOUGHTS TO
PONDER
What tool is appropriate for
your research problem?
Explain.

20. HOW TO DESIGN A
SCALE / MEASURE
FOR YOUR RESEARCH

21. SCALE
DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS IT?

22. Getting
variable
item
construct
to know the terms

23. ASSESSING
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
DEFINITION
CONTENT
VALIDITY
CRITERION-RELATED
VALIDITY
INTERNAL
CONSISTENCY
PARSIMONY

24. TESTINGTHE NEW MEASURES
SCALE
C O N S
T R U C
T I O N
THE
WORKSHOPSECTION

25. ITEM
GENERATION1

26. CONSTRUCT
DEFINITION
ITEM
DEVELOPMENT
NUMBER
OF ITEMS

27. CONTENT
ADEQUACY
ASSESSMENT2

28. Analysis of
Variance

29. QUESTIONNAIRE
ADMINISTRATION3

30. …FOR NEW ITEMS
5 or 7 POINT LIKERT SCALE
:4
:10
OR
RATIO OF
ITEM TO
RESPONDENTS

31. FACTOR
ANALYSIS4

32. RELIABILITY
5

33. EXPLORATORY
// EXCEL
CHANGE CATEGORY INTO TEXT
WHAT IF RESPONSE IS MISSING?
DETERMINE VARIABILITY
// DISTRIBUTIVES
CHECK NORMALITY
SKEWEDNESS < 2; KURTOSIS < 8
// EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
CHECK SAMPLE SIZE
KMO > 0.5
CHECK IF CORRELATIONS ARE SUFFICIENT
Bartlett’s test of sphericity p< 0.05
FOR BASE INFLECTION POINT
SCREE PLOT
FACTOR LOADINGS
RESTRICT 0.40
// RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Cronbach’s alpha > .8
RUN EACH FACTOR SEPARATELY
// CONFIRMATORY FACTOR
ANALYSIS
SEPARATE FACTORS
MODIFICATION INDICES
HIGHLIGHT VALUES
ABOVE 4

34. VALIDITY
6

35. REPLICATION
7

36. THOUGHTS TO
PONDER
What step in the process is
time consuming?
Have you finished the making
your scales?

37. OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESS
ITEM
GENERATION1
CONTENT
ADEQUACY
ASSESSMENT
2
QUESTIONNAIRE
ADMINISTRATION3
FACTOR
ANALYSIS4
RELIABILITY
5
VALIDITY6
REPLICATION
7

38. S O U R C E S :
16 Personality Type Characters
https://www.16personalities.com/personality-types
ANOVA with R: with diet datasheet
https://bioinformatics-core-shared-training.github.io/linear-models-r/ANOVA.html
#section_2:_anova
EFA Sample Data
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1quPJzyFc6-VimGPL5bWMjbjxHMfNEe0k/view
Jamovi Exploratory Factor Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihhS-1SOqac
One-way ANOVA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAcaiRU_fbY
PSY 370: Scale Development
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5xwCLa_5pY
Scale Construction: Developing Reliable and Valid Measurements
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5bb5/57fdfffd8e186b7fd72ca81b6f1a43fb162b.pdf