The document outlines the research design for a study examining hospital staff's perceptions of public hospital structures in Santiago City using a phenomenological approach. The study will use semi-structured interviews, document review, and naturalistic and controlled observation to gather data from purposively sampled professionals at a public hospital. Data will be analyzed through coding, categorization, and theme identification. Ethical considerations like informed consent, confidentiality, and the Belmont Report's principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice will be followed.

1. Perception of Hospital Staffs
about the Structures of Public
Hospitals in Santiago City

2. Research Design
Research design is a plan that describes how,
when and where the data are to be collected
and analyzed (Parahoo, 1997).

3. PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH
Research Design

4. What is a phenomenological approach?
• It is a qualitative research methods that is used to
describe how human beings experience a certain
phenomenon. In which it focuses on the
appearances of things as they appear in the
participants’ experiences (Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy, 2013).
Research Design

5. The researchers will use a phenomenological
approach to examine the experiences of
hospital staffs to provide a comprehensive
understanding about the structure of the
public hospital.
Research Design

6. Selection and the Study Size
Prospect participants
•Professionals (hospital staffs) of a public
hospital in one of the prime city of
Isabela.

7. Sampling Procedure
• Purposive Snowball Sampling is achieved by
asking a participant to suggest someone who
might be willing and appropriate for the study. In
this way the researchers would effectively
identify the participant in the study.
Selection and the Study Size

8. Data Measure
In this study the researcher is the primary
data collection instrument because the data
from participants were words in the context
of the research problem. This approach will
allow greater latitude in providing answers
therefore the participants will be able to
provide in-depth information regarding the
study.

9. Interview
• To gain data, the team will make a semi-structured interview
set of questionnaire for the participants. The main objective of
the interview is to give information for the specific problem:
What do hospital structure issues mean
to hospital staff?
Data Measure

10. Document Review
• The purpose of using document review as a
method is to inform an assessment of the
relevance of data that will be collected
from the interviews.
Data Measure

11. Observation
Controlled and Naturalistic observation will provide a chance for
the researchers to learn more things that the participants forgot to
discuss from the interview.
Naturalistic - is also known as observation without intervention
or without the participants’ knowledge
Controlled observation - is an observation wherein the
participants know they are being observed
Data Measure

12. Observation
The main objective of the team with these methods is to find
whatever observed movements and reaction that will emerge
in a non-manipulative and non-controlling aspect and also to
provide relevance of the information gathered.
Data Measure

13. Data Collection Procedures
In order to gather data effectively the researcher
will provide first a consent letter informing the
participants about the purpose of the study as well
as the terms and conditions including
confidentiality of the document and the
information of the participants.

14. Data Collection Procedures
Afterwards the research team will be gathering data through one-
on-one interview, document review and observation.
Interview
• Questions are based from the RRL and the specific question of
the research study
• Semi-structured
• Note taking, video and/or voice records

15. Data Collection Procedures
Observation
Observation will be used all throughout the data collection
process
• Naturalistic Observation
• Controlled Observation

16. Data Collection Procedures
Document Review
To know the relevance of the data given by the
participants. Document review will be applied all
throughout the data collection process.

17. Data Collection Procedures
After the said procedures above are accomplished
the researchers will acknowledge and show
gratitude to the participants for their participation.
Lastly, the results will be arranged and organized.
These data will become the basis for data analysis
and interpretation.

18. Data Analysis Procedure
The process of data analysis will begin with
the categorization and organization of data
in terms of patterns, critical themes and
meanings that emerge from the data.

19. The researchers will organize the information
gathered from the observation, interview, and
document review. The coding will consist of
sorting the data around certain recurring themes or
topics that seem to come up.
Data Analysis Procedure

20. Data Analysis Procedure
The individual responses on the interview will be analysed,
compared and categorized and subsequently triangulated
and interpreted to draw conclusions. On the other hand,
observation results on both controlled and naturalistic
observation will be organize, categorized and compare in a
table then finding themes will be the next.

21. Ethical Considerations
In a Phenomenological research, the information
relies often on personal information from the
participants so it is important to research ethically
and treat your research participants with high
respect.

22. Ethical Considerations
The researchers will provide full autonomy
for the participants in which they have the
rights to understand the research and so they
can decide whether to participate or not.

23. Ethical Considerations
The researchers will also provide consent to participate in
the research before initiating the data collection. This also
means that the research participants will be informed of any
physical or emotional risks involved in participating in the
research. They have the right to end participation in the
research at any time and for any reason. They also have the
right to full confidentiality if they want it.

24. Ethical Considerations
The researchers will also follow the three
principles of the Belmont Report, namely
beneficence, respect for human dignity as
well as justice.

25. Ethical Considerations
Principle of beneficence
“above all do no harm.” (Pilot et al., 2001).
• Freedom from harm - harm was not to be considered, but,
the researchers thought that the psychological results
needed sensitivity
• Freedom from exploitation -Participants in a study should
be protected from adverse situations
• Risk/benefit ratio- kept risk to the minimum

26. Ethical Considerations
Principle of human dignity
The right to self-determination and full disclosure
(Pilot et al., 2001).
• Right to self-determination - participants should
not be forced into taking part in the study.
• Right to full disclosure - researcher has fully
explained the nature of the study, and the
person’s right to refuse participation.

27. Ethical Considerations
Principle of justice
Right to fair treatment and privacy.
• Right to fair treatment - the participants will have an access to
the researchers at any point in the study to clarify data and
respect for the participants’ beliefs, habits, lifestyles, culture
and emotions will always be implemented.
• Right to privacy - the information provided by participants will
not be shared without their will.