This document provides an overview of a lesson on the kinetic molecular theory of liquids and gases. The specific learning outcomes include comparing the properties of liquids, solids, and gases and describing intermolecular forces. The lesson includes activities where students act out different states of matter and compare the distances, arrangements, and volumes of particles in gases, liquids, and solids. It also involves an activity where students observe the evaporation rates of different liquids on coins to analyze intermolecular forces. The document defines intermolecular forces and describes different types including London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.

1. KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY OF
LIQUIDS AND
GASES

2. Specific Learning Outcomes
» compare the properties of liquids and solids with those of gases
» apply the kinetic molecular theory to describe liquids and solids
» describe the various intermolecular forces and factors that affect their
strengths
» identify the types of intermolecular forces that may operate in a given
molecular substance
» rank substances according to strength of intermolecular forces;
» illustrate the intermolecular forces between molecules of a compound.
2
At the end of the lesson, the
learners will be able to:

3. ACTIVITY!
PAINT ME A PICTURE
Discuss among your group how to act the
assigned state. One member of the group will
explain their act.
3

4. ACTIVITY!
DONE BY 5 MEMBERS
Using the picture acts carried out by the class at the motivation part, and the
following illustration of solid, liquid and gas, answer the questions that follow.
4

5. 1. Compare the properties of gases, liquids, and solids in terms of
distances and arrangement of their molecules.
a. Compare the distances among molecules in the gas, liquid and
solid and rank the phases in increasing distance between
particles.
b. Describe the characteristic movement of the particles of gas,
liquid and solid.
c. How are the molecules of gas, liquid and solid arranged?
d. Arrange the three phases of matter in order of increasing
volume of empty space between its molecules.
e. Identify the property of matter that corresponds to the
molecular behavior.
5

6. 6
Use the table to present the comparison of the
properties of gases, liquids and solids.

7. 7
Use the table to present the comparison of the
properties of gases, liquids and solids.

8. 8

9. LET’S REVIEW SOME
CONCEPTS
(BY TABLE)
PLEASE BRING THE FOLLOWING:
 ALCOHOL
 ACETONE
 BUTANE (OR FUEL FOR LIGHTERS)
 4 DROPPERS
9

10. 1.
Intermolecular
forces of
attraction
10

11. ACTIVITY!
» Water
» Ethanol
» Acetone
» Butane or lighter fluid
» 8 one peso coins
11
Materials needed:

12. SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS!!!
12

13.  The activity should be performed in an airy
or well-ventilated room.
Remind the students of the proper handling of
the substances they will be using.
Avoid contact with the skin and direct
inhalation of the vapors of the substances. It
is best if the students use safety gloves,
goggles and mask.
13

14. » 1.Work in groups. One of the
members will act as the
recorder of data.
» 2. Each group should have 8
pieces of 1-peso coin and 4
droppers.
» 3. Using the first 4 coins, have
the students drop each liquid
on a 1-peso coin and count the
number of drops the coin can
hold.
PROCEDURE:
» 4. Then on the next 4 coins, put
a drop of the liquid and
determine how much time it
takes one drop to evaporate.
» 7. Record your results.
14

15. Guide questions:
a. Which molecules can hold more drops on the coin?
b. Which molecules took longer to evaporate?
c. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of
drops the same as the molecules that took less
time to evaporate?
d. Based on the formula and geometries of the
substances, are the molecules that can hold more drops
on the coin polar or nonpolar? What about those that took
longer to evaporate?
15

16. Define intemolecular forces of attraction.
Intermolecular forces are attractive
forces that act between molecules
or particles in the solid or liquid
states.
16

17. Explain why melting points and boiling points of
substances can be used as indicators of strength of
intermolecular forces operating in given solids and
liquids.
When a solid melts, or a liquid boils, the particles move away
from each other. As they do, intermolecular forces of attraction
are broken. The stronger the intermolecular forces to be
broken, the larger the amount of energy needed to break them,
hence, the higher the melting point for solid to liquid
transformation, and boiling point for liquid to gas
transformation.
17

18. THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
18

19. 19
London Dispersion Forces
These forces of attraction result
from temporary dipole moments
induced in ordinarily nonpolar
molecules. These forces are
present between all types of
molecules due to the movement
of electrons.

20. 20
Dipole-dipole forces
These are attractive forces between polar molecules
(molecules that possess dipole moments).
This type of force is stronger than the dispersion
forces because polar molecules have a permanent
uneven distribution of electrons. The nature of
attraction is electrostatic and can be understood in
terms of Coulomb’s law: The larger the dipole
moment, the stronger the attraction.

21. 21
Hydrogen bond
is a special type of dipole-dipole
interaction between the hydrogen atom in
a polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or F‒H,
and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.
Hydrogen bonds between water
molecules are particularly strong.

22. The following diagram can be used to determine the types of
intermolecular forces present in substances.
22

23. The following diagram can be used to determine the types of
intermolecular forces present in substances.
23

24. THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
» NANGANGAMOY
MANGABSENT UGMA😂
» FACULTY ROOM
» OWN FB

25. 25
Any questions?
You can find me at
» NANGANGAMOY MANGABSENT
UGMA😂
» FACULTY ROOM
» OWN FB
THANKS!

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