The document details an educational activity focused on the kinetic molecular theory, comparing the properties of solids, liquids, and gases, and conducting experiments to observe intermolecular forces and evaporation rates. Students work in groups to analyze molecular behavior through hands-on activities involving various liquids, while adhering to safety precautions. It also explains the significance of melting and boiling points as indicators of intermolecular force strength.

1. KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY OF LIQUIDS
AND GASES

2. ACTIVITY!
PAINT ME A PICTURE
Discuss among your group how to
act the assigned state. One
member of the group will explain
their act.
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3. DONE BY 5 MEMBERS
Using the picture acts carried out by the class at the motivation part,
and the following illustration of solid, liquid and gas, answer the
questions that follow.
3
ACTIVITY!

4. 1. Compare the properties of gases, liquids, and solids in terms
of distances and arrangement of their molecules.
a. Compare the distances among molecules in the gas, liquid
and solid and rank the phases in increasing distance between
particles.
b. Describe the characteristic movement of the particles of gas,
liquid and solid.
c. How are the molecules of gas, liquid and solid arranged?
d. Arrange the three phases of matter in order of increasing
volume of empty space between its molecules.
e. Identify the property of matter that corresponds to the
molecular behavior.
4

5. Use the table to present the comparison of
the properties of gases, liquids and solids.

6. Use the table to present the comparison of
the properties of gases, liquids and solids.

8. (BY TABLE)
PLEASE BRING THE FOLLOWING:
ALCOHOL
ACETONE
BUTANE (OR FUEL FOR
LIGHTERS)
4 DROPPERS

9. 1.
Intermolecular
forces of
attraction

10. » Water
» Ethanol
» Acetone
» Butane or lighter fluid
» 8 one peso coins
Materials needed:
ACTIVITY!

11. SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS!!!
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12.  The activity should be performed in an airy
or well-ventilated room.
Remind the students of the proper handling
of the substances they will be using.
Avoid contact with the skin and direct
inhalation of the vapors of the substances.
It is best if the students use safety gloves,
goggles and mask.
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13. » 1.Work in groups. One of
the members will act as
the recorder of data.
» 2. Each group should have
8 pieces of 1-peso coin
and 4 droppers.
» 3. Using the first 4 coins,
have the students drop
each liquid on a 1-peso
coin and count the number
of drops the coin can hold.
PROCEDURE:
» 4. Then on the next 4
coins, put a drop of the
liquid and determine how
much time it takes one
drop to evaporate.
» 7. Record your results.
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14. Guide questions:
a. Which molecules can hold more drops on the coin?
b. Which molecules took longer to evaporate?
c. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of
drops the same as the molecules that took less
time to evaporate?
d. Based on the formula and geometries of the
substances, are the molecules that can hold more drops
on the coin polar or nonpolar? What about those that
took longer to evaporate?
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15. Define intemolecular forces of attraction.
Intermolecular forces are
attractive forces that act
between molecules or particles
in the solid or liquid states.
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16. Explain why melting points and boiling points of
substances can be used as indicators of strength of
intermolecular forces operating in given solids and
liquids.
When a solid melts, or a liquid boils, the particles
move away from each other. As they do,
intermolecular forces of attraction are broken. The
stronger the intermolecular forces to be broken, the
larger the amount of energy needed to break them,
hence, the higher the melting point for solid to liquid
transformation, and boiling point for liquid to gas
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17. THE DIFFERENT TYPES
OF INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
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18. 18
London Dispersion Forces
These forces of attraction result
from temporary dipole moments
induced in ordinarily nonpolar
molecules. These forces are
present between all types of
molecules due to the movement
of electrons.

19. 19
Dipole-dipole forces
These are attractive forces between polar molecules
(molecules that possess dipole moments).
This type of force is stronger than the dispersion
forces because polar molecules have a permanent
uneven distribution of electrons. The nature of
attraction is electrostatic and can be understood in
terms of Coulomb’s law: The larger the dipole
moment, the stronger the attraction.

20. 20
Hydrogen bond
is a special type of dipole-dipole
interaction between the hydrogen atom
in a polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or
F‒H, and an electronegative O, N, or F
atom. Hydrogen bonds between water
molecules are particularly strong.

21. The following diagram can be used to determine the types
of intermolecular forces present in substances.
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22. The following diagram can be used to determine the types
of intermolecular forces present in substances.
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