This document discusses lung cancer, including causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, stages, and treatment options. It notes that in Indonesia in 2012, there were 25,322 lung cancer cases in men and 9,374 in women. The main causes of lung cancer are smoking tobacco, radon exposure, asbestos, and other air pollutants. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and prevention through smoking cessation.

1. Lung Cancer
Dila Salma
HIGHFIELD SECONDARY SCHOOL
GRADE 11
2016-2017

2. Based on International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) in the year
2012, in Indonesia there were 25.322 lung
cancer cases occurred in men and 9.374
cases occurred in women

3.  Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
that starts off in one or both lungs
 Abnormal cells -> Tumors
 Benign Tumor: remain in one place and
does not spread
 Malignant Tumor: spread to other parts of
body either through the bloodstream or
lymphatic system
So, lung
cancer is
the….

5. Cause of Lung Cancer
 Radon - may cause damage to cells that
line the airways and lungs
 Tobacco smoke -contains over 4,000
carcinogenic chemical compounds
 such as: tar and formaldehyde

6.  Asbestos – kill cells, delete large stretches of
DNA from a cell’s genome, and damage
chromosomes
 Air pollutants - in smoke from burning coal and
vapors from cooking oil have been associated
with lung cancer
Cause of Lung Cancer

7.  Some directly cause genetic mutations
that encourage abnormal cell growth and
tumors.
 Trick our cells into cell division

8. There are
Two Types of
Lung Cancer
Non-small cell
lung cancer
Small cell lung
cancer
• Adenocarcinoma
• Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
• Large Cell
Carcinomas

9. Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer: Adenocarcinoma
 Occurs in people who smoke, used to
smoke and non-smokers
 Spread to the lymph nodes, bones, or
other organs such as the liver.
 More women get it than men

10. Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
 Starts in the central bronchi
 Form a cavity within the tumor
 Make you cough up some blood
 Spread to the lymph nodes, bones, and
other organs such as the liver.
 Common in men and people who smoke

11. Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer:
Large Cell Carcinomas
 A group of cancers with large cells that
tend to start along the lungs’ outer edges
 The tumor grows fast and spreads to
nearby lymph nodes and distant parts of
the body

12. Small Cell Lung Cancer
 Starts in the central bronchi
 It spreads to the liver, bone, and brain
 Spreads quickly before symptoms
appear

15. Lung Cancer
Symptoms
No symptoms in early stages
Raspy coughing, sometimes with mucus that
has blood in it
Respiratory infections that keep coming back
Shortness of breath that gets worse
Swelling of the neck and face
Fatigue
Trouble swallowing

16. Diagnosis of Lung
Cancer
Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone
Weak breathing
Unequal pupils
Abnormal sounds in the lungs
Droopy eyelids
Weakness in one arm
Swelling of the face

17. Lung Cancer Stages
Stage 1 : the tumor is found only in one lung and in
no lymph nodes
Stage 2: the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
surrounding the infected lung.
Stage 3a :the cancer has spread to lymph nodes
around the trachea, chest wall, and diaphragm, on
the same side as the infected lung.
Stage 3b: the cancer has spread to lymph nodes on
the other lung or in the neck.
Stage 4: the cancer has spread throughout the rest of
the body and other parts of the lungs

18. Primary Tumor
Primary Tumor
Affected lymph
node

19. Lung Cancer Treatment:
Surgery
It is done when cancer is in stage 1 or 2
Curative surgery: cure a patient with early
stage lung cancer by removing all of the
cancerous tissue
Palliative surgery: aim is to remove an
obstruction or make an open airway
Side effects – pain and infection

20. Lung Cancer Treatment:
Radiation/ Radiotherapy
Destroys or shrinks lung cancer tumors by
focusing high-energy rays on the cancer cells
Kill remaining cells after surgery
Kill cancer cells that have metastasized
Side effects – fatigue, hair loss, and causes dry,
irritated, and sensitive skin

21. Lung Cancer Treatment:
Chemotherapy
 Utilizes strong chemicals that interfere with the cell
division process
 Medicines travel throughout the entire body, killing the
original tumor cells and cancer cells
 Side effects - nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss,
and mouth sores
 Side effects are temporary

22. Prevention
QUIT
SMOKING.

24. Resources http://www.webmd.com/lung-cancer/guide/understanding-lung-cancer-
basics#1
 http://www.webmd.com/lung-cancer/guide/understanding-lung-cancer-
basics#1
 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lung-cancer Written by Peter Crosta.
Last updated: Thursday 17 September 2015. First published: 1 October
2009
 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lung-cancer/symptoms-diagnosis-
lung-cancer.php
 http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-
conditions/cancer/facts/carcinogens-cause-cancer.htm
 http://www.lung-cancer.com/tobacco.html
 http://www.lung-cancer.com/radon.html
 http://www.lung-cancer.com/asbestos.html

25. Thank You!