3. Drug dependency
Psychological dependency
Emotional need for drug, discomfort only as
alternate state of mind
Physical dependency
Body adapted to the drug so that it is
necessary to function normally
4. Cannabis
Extracted from plants of Cannabis genus
Contains cannabinoids which gives
psychoactive effects (changes brain function
and results in alterations in perception, mood,
or consciousness)
Most widely used illicit substance in
Indonesia, approx. 2 million users in 2014
7. Medical uses
treat glaucoma (which increases pressure in
the eyeball)
lowers intraocular pressure inside eyeball
reduce spread of cancer
inhibits Id-1 gene which play a role in spread of cancer
cells
eases pain, tremors in Parkinson’s disease
slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease
8. Side effects
altered senses (e.g. seeing brighter colors)
altered sense of time
changes in mood
impaired body movement
difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
impaired memory
9. Abuse
Death is not likely due to low toxicity, but can lead
to dependency
Comparison: dogs 3 g
Can act as a gateway drug which leads to
consumption of other, more lethal illicit drugs
Overdose leads to “greening out”, symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Pupil dilation
- Vomiting and/or nausea
- Fast heart rate
10. Amphetamines
group of synthetic central nervous system
stimulant which affects chemicals in the brain and
nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse
control.
About 1.2 million persons used crystalline meth in
Indonesia in 2011
11.
12. Medical uses
Mainly used to treat attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Treat narcolepsy (decreased ability to
regulate sleep-wake cycles)
Treat obesity
13. Side effects
Chest pain
Fast heartbeats, rapid breathing
Paranoia, hallucinations
Aggression, anger, feeling irritable
Numbness
Changes in vision
Muscle weakness
14. Abuse
est. minimum lethal dose in non-addicted adults is
200 mg
Toxic psychosis
impairment of mental capacity caused by poisonous
effects of drug/chemicals
Cardiac arrhythmias
heartbeat is too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia),
or irregular
Convulsions
sudden, violent, irregular movement of limb
Coma and death
15. Barbiturates
are a group of synthetic drugs in the
class of drugs known as sedative-
hypnotics
(sleep-inducing, anxiety-decreasing)
Acts as central nervous system
depressants
16.
17. Medical use
Long used for inhibiting anxiety and inducing
sleep, but replaced by benzodiazepines
Still used as anticonvulsants (treating epileptic
seizures) and analgesics (pain-reducing)
19. Abuse
Leads to coma and death due to narrow therapeutic
index
ratio of a drug's toxic dose to its therapeutically desirable
dose
Lethal dose varies from 2–3 g for amobarbital and
pentobarbital to 6–10 g for phenobarbital
Heavy sedation
decreased consciousness
Psychosis
Heart failure
heart unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to
meet the body’s needs
20. Treatment for drug abuse
detoxification (the process by which the body
rids itself of a drug)
behavioral counseling
medication (for opioid, tobacco, or alcohol
addiction)
evaluation and treatment for co-occurring
mental health issues such as depression and
anxiety
long-term follow-up to prevent relapse
