Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights

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2. BILL OF RIGHTS
Presented By: FERMILA YOUSAF
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3. Bill of Rights:
The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament on 16 December 1689.
 It lays down limits on the powers of sovereign and sets out the rights of Parliament and
rules for freedom of speech in Parliament, the requirement to regular elections to
Parliament and the right to petition the monarch without fear of retribution.
 It reestablished the liberty of Protestants to have arms for their defense within the rule
of law, and condemned James II of England for "causing several good subjects being
Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and
employed contrary to law".
 These ideas about rights reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they
quickly became popular in England. It also sets out—or, in the view of its drafters,
restates—certain constitutional requirements of the Crown to seek the consent of the
people, as represented in Parliament.
 The Bill of Rights laid out certain basic rights for all Englishmen. These rights continue
to apply today, not only in England and Wales, but in each of the jurisdictions of the
Commonwealth realms as well. The Act set out that there should be:
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4. Bill of Rights…
 No royal interference with the law. Though the sovereign remains the fount of justice, he or
she cannot unilaterally establish new courts or act as a judge.
 No taxation by Royal Prerogative. The agreement of parliament became necessary for the
implementation of any new taxes.
 Only civil courts, not Church courts, are legal.
 Freedom to petition the monarch without fear of retribution
 No standing army may be maintained during a time of peace without the consent of
parliament.
 No royal interference in the freedom of the people to have arms for their own defense as
suitable to their class and as allowed by law.
 No royal interference in the election of members of parliament.
 The freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached
or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament.
 "Grants and promises of fines or forfeitures" before conviction are void.
 No excessive bail or "cruel and unusual" punishments may be imposed.
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5. First Amendment:
 Protects freedom of religion, speech, the press, to assemble peacefully.
 Protects the freedom for people to petition (request) the government.
British Actions before the Revolution which caused this to be put into Bill of
Rights.
 Limited these rights of the colonists (except religion)
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6. Second Amendment:
 Protects freedom of religion, speech, the press, to assemble peacefully.
 Guarantees the right to bear arms.
 This means the right to own weapons. In particular, guns.
British Actions before the Revolution which caused this to be put into Bill of
Rights.
 Tried to take colonist’s weapons.
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7. Third Amendment:
 States that the government
cannot force people to house
soldiers in their homes during
times of peace.
British Actions before the Revolution
which caused this to be put into Bill
of Rights.
 •Quartering Act
Fourth Amendment:
 States that people, their homes or
their belongings are protected
from unreasonable searches or
seizures.
 Search warrants may not be
issued without probable cause
(good reason).
 British Actions before the
Revolution which caused this to
be put into Bill of Rights.
 Writs of Assistance
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8. Fifth Amendment:
 A person accused of a crime is entitled to Due Process of Law.
 People cannot be forced to testify against themselves.
British Actions before the Revolution which caused this to be put into Bill of
Rights.
 British denied colonists due process.
 If a person is found not guilty of a crime, they cannot be put on trial for the
same crime again.
 This is called Double Jeopardy.
 The government cannot take private property for public use without giving
compensation to the owner.
 This is called Eminent Domain.
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9. Sixth Amendment:
 The accused has a right to a lawyer.
 If one cannot be afforded, one will be appointed.
 They have a right to see and to question those people who accused them of
the crime.
 Guarantees a fair and speedy public trial.
 Trial must be in the state and district where the crime took place.
 The accused has the right to be told what they are accused of
British Actions before the Revolution which caused this to be put into Bill of Rights.
 Colonists were sent to England for trial.
 Colonists were denied trial by jury. Case was heard by a British judge.
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10. Seventh Amendment:
 Guarantees a trial by jury in civil
cases.
 These are non criminal cases.
Eighth Amendment:
 Guarantees that excessive bail
(money paid to be released to
ensure appearance in court) or
excessive fines will not be
imposed.
 Punishment will not be cruel or
unusual.
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11. Ninth Amendment:
 States that the people have other
rights that are not stated in the
Constitution.
 Examples: To travel, where you
live or work.
Tenth Amendment:
 States that the people and the
states have all the rights not given
to the U.S. government or
forbidden to state governments by
the Constitution.
 Examples: The existence of state
governments. Marriage is not
stated in the Constitution.
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