Presentation on Reversible Solid Oxid Cells for energy storage
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Presentation of the state of the art for reversible solid oxide cells: - overview of hydrogen economy - reversible operations - parallel with low temperature electrolysis - materials and degradation - possible applications
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Presentation on Reversible Solid Oxid Cells for energy storage
- 1. RSOCs: Reversible Solid Oxide Cells Bresciani Federico Caprio Matteo Moretti Gioia ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE, 2018
- 2. energy.gov Hydrogen: the creation of an innovative world 2
- 3. 3 𝐻2 𝑂 + 2𝑒− ↔ 𝐻2 + 𝑂2− 𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝑒− ↔ 𝐶𝑂 + 𝑂2− 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝑒− ↔ 𝐶𝐻4 + 4𝑂2− 𝑂2− ↔ 1 2 𝑂2 + 2𝑒− Fuel electrode Oxygen electrode RSOC
- 4. High temperature electrolysis Low T High T Reversible operation ✗ ✓ H2O&CO2 electrolysis ✗ ✓ Electric efficiency [%LHV] 60-70% 100% Investment costs [€/kW] 1000-2000 3000 Responsivness ✓ ✗ 4 𝜂 𝑒𝑙,𝑆𝑂𝐸𝐶 = ሶ𝑚 𝐻2 𝐿𝐻𝑉𝐻2 ሶ𝑊𝑒𝑙 𝜂 𝑡𝑜𝑡,𝑆𝑂𝐸𝐶 = ሶ𝑚 𝐻2 𝐿𝐻𝑉𝐻2 ሶ𝑊𝑒𝑙 + ሶ𝑄
- 5. Parameters that influence RSOC performances PRESSURE TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY Wendel C.H., 2015 Jensen S.H., 2015 Tan Y., 2017 5
- 7. ELECTROLYTE RSOC COMPONENTS & MATERIALS State of art Research Electrolyte • YSZ • ScSZ • MIEC: CYSZ • Proton conductive Virkar A.V., 2015 Gómez S.Y., 2016 7
- 8. OXYGEN ELECTRODE RSOC COMPONENTS & MATERIALS State of art Research Electrolyte • YSZ • ScSZ • MIEC: CYSZ • Proton conductive Oxygen electrode • LSM-YSZ • LSCF-YSZ • LSCN-GDC Tan Y., 2017 8
- 9. FUEL ELECTRODE State of art Research Electrolyte • YSZ • ScSZ • MIEC: CYSZ • Proton conductive Oxygen electrode • LSM-YSZ • LSCF-YSZ • LSCN-GDC Fuel electrode • NI-YSZ • LSCF RSOC COMPONENTS & MATERIALS Papazisi K.M., 2016 9
- 10. DEGRADATION • Conducted by European Institute for Energy Research • 23000 h SOEC operation (2013-2016) • 6Sc1CeSZ • 0.6%/1000h or 7.4 mV/kh degradation Longest durability test ever: B. A. Schefold J., 2017 10
- 11. DEGRADATION 11 • Si poisoning (in both modes) of the H2-electrode; • Delamination; • Poisoning by chromium (in both modes), strontium or silica at oxygen electrode. Principal degradation mechanisms: Hughes G.A., 2013
- 12. APPLICATIONS 12
- 13. APPLICATIONS Sunfire & Boeing: autonomous PV 13 160 kW SOEC, 40 kW SOFC First self-sustained SOEC Automatically controlled storage and release of electricity 𝑅𝑇𝐸 = 𝐸𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐹𝐶 𝐸𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐸𝐶 = 45% Sunfire.de
- 14. Integrated SOEC with steel production for Salzgitter 14 Green Industrial Hydrogen (2016-19) 𝜂 𝑒𝑙 SOEC 84% H2 SOFC 47% NG SOFC 50% 𝑅𝑇𝐸 ≅ 42% APPLICATIONS
- 15. 57% 63% 36% Conceptual plant for grid storage 20 kW 15 Straniero D., 2017 Evaporation heat from: • Thermal storage • Fresnel solar collector • Hydrogen combustor Ideal RTE Considering heat losses RTE drops of 20% ! APPLICATIONS
- 16. Conceptual plant for grid storage 16 Straniero D., 2017 Thermal storage solution SOFC operates at 65% of nominal power 0.9 0.67 APPLICATIONS 65%
- 17. HELMETH CO2 + 4H2 ↔ CH4 + 2H2O ΔHR = -165 kJ/mol 17 (Integrated High-Temperature Electrolysis and Methanation) Recycle of CO2 Coupling electricity and gas sectors 𝜂 ≥80% from electricity to CH4 APPLICATIONS
- 18. Thank you