4. Outline
•The female reproductive organs:
•External organs
•Internal organs
•Physiology of female reproductive system
•The male reproductive system:
•External Organs
•Internal organs
4
5. Objectives
At the end of the session students will be able to:
•Identify the different parts of the female and male
reproductive organs in relation to FP
•Describe relevant physiology of reproductive organs
in relation to FP
•Review relevant anatomical issues of importance in
conducting a proper genital examination during
provision of contraception
5
6. Female External Organ
Mons pubis
•Triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic
bone
Labia majora
•Protect the introits and urethral openings
Labia minora
•Erectile, connective tissue that darkens &swells
during sexual arousal
Clitoris
•Highly sensitive and erectile organ made up of a shaft
& a glans
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7. Female external organ …
Vestibule
•Urethral opening
•Vaginal opening
•Bartholins gland opening
•Paraurethral glands of Skene
Perineum
7
11. Vagina
•A fibromuscular cylindrical organ
• Measures from 9-11 cm in length and directed
upwards and posteriorly from the introitus
•Longer in the posterior than the anterior
11
12. Uterus
•A pear shaped organ
•About the size of a clenched fist - (9 X 7 X 3
cm) and weighing 50-80 gm
•Ant everted and ante flexed in position
•In some women the angle of the uterus may
be retro everted with the fundus lying in the
cul-de-sac
•Has three parts:
oCervix
o body
ofundus
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14. Ovaries
•On average 3 cm in length, 2 cm in breadth &
1 cm in width and weighing 4–8 gm
•Are the female gonads or sex glands (paired
organs)
•Produce the female sex hormones
(progesterone and estrogen)
•Release the ovum every month
interchangeably
14
16. Fallopian Tube
•7 -14 cm long
•Is a site of fertilization
•It is a channel through which fertilized ovum
transported to the uterus
•Divided into 3 parts:
Isthmus - narrow (1 mm diameter) and nearly straight
portion
Ampulla – wider (5-8mm) and more tortuous, it is a
site of fertilization
Infundibulum – a funnel-like structure
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18. Adjacent structures located close to
the internal reproductive organs
•Urethra and bladder anterior to the vagina
and uterus and the rectum and cul-de-sac
located posteriorly
•The ureters also pass adjacent to the cervix
laterally
20. Physiology of female reproductive
system
Four body structures are involved in the
normal physiology of female reproductive
system
•Hypothalamus
•pituitary gland
•Ovaries
•Uterus
•Cervix
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29. 2. The Genital Ducts
•Seminiferous tubules
• Site for spermatozoa production
•Epididymis
• Cord-like structure at the back of testes
• Each connected to one of the vas deference
• Place for sperm maturation
•Vas-deferens
• A passage and storage place for sperm
• Each ends at the base of prostate, joined by the seminal
vesicle
•Ejaculatory duct
• Tract transports sperm
•Urethra
29
30. The accessory glands
•Provide the bulk of semen
Seminal vesicle
•Secretes fluid (Fructose and prostaglandins) that
nourishes and enables sperm to move
Prostate gland
•Secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the
acidity
Bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) glands
•Secretes a lubricant
Semen = A combination of sperm & fluid
30
31. Summery
•Identify the different parts of the female and male
reproductive organs in relation to FP
•Describe relevant physiology of reproductive organs
in relation to FP
•Review relevant anatomical issues of importance in
conducting a proper genital examination during
provision of contraception
31
