The document compares the landforms, climates, and natural resources of Northern and Southern Europe. It states that both regions contain mountain ranges like the Pyrenees and Alps, though Southern Europe also has some rolling plains. The climate of Northern Europe is generally cooler, while Southern Europe has a warmer Mediterranean climate. Natural resources in Northern Europe include forests, mineral ores, oil, gas, and wind and geothermal energy, while Southern Europe has more scrubland and has faced overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea.

1. Ch.12 Lesson 1

2. Landforms and Waterways
Guiding Question
How are the landforms in Northern and
Southern Europe similar? How are they
different?

3. Landforms and Waterways
Main Ideas
• The regions contain mountain ranges such as
the Pyrenees and the Alps, which form part of a
boundary between Western Europe and
Southern Europe.
• While some countries of Northern and Southern
Europe are mountainous, parts of Spain and
Portugal also have rolling plains.
• The Mediterranean Sea is Southern Europe’s
most important body of water.

8. Contrasting Climates
Guiding Question
How is the climate of Northern
Europe different from the
climate of Southern Europe?

9. Contrasting Climates
• Countries in Northern Europe have a cool or
cold climate, but conditions in some places are
much harsher than in others.
• The most common climate in Southern Europe
is Mediterranean, with warm or hot summers
and cool or mild winters, rain in the spring, and
dry summers.
• Temperatures vary across Southern Europe; regions
near the Alps, such as Northern Italy, have cooler
climates, whereas other regions have a dry
continental climate.
Main Ideas

12. Natural Resources
Guiding Question
What natural resources
are available to the
people of Northern and
Southern Europe?

15. Natural Resources
Main Ideas
• Vegetation in Northern Europe is mainly forests,
while many areas in Southern Europe are
scrubland due to the dry climate.
• Northern Europe has rich mineral ore resources
as well as oil and natural gas in some regions
and wind and geothermal energy sources in
others.
• The North Sea in Northern Europe provides a
rich variety of fish, but overfishing and pollution
have reduced fish populations in the
Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe.