Earthquakes are caused by the slow movement of tectonic plates. Three key points about earthquakes from the document are: 1) Earthquakes are a result of the slow movement of the lithosphere over the asthenosphere due to convection currents in the earth's mantle. 2) Major earthquake zones are located along plate boundaries where plates are moving, such as the North Anatolian fault in Turkey. 3) During an earthquake, it is important to find shelter quickly by moving away from windows, shelves, and other unstable objects, and to protect your head and neck by squatting low to the ground until the shaking stops.

1. General Geology
“Earthquakes”

6. Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, the
material carried by the rivers, erosion,
rain, natural events such as floods our
world is moving clearly proves us.
These movements are guided by internal
and external dynamics
External dynamics of the energy source of
the sun, the internal dynamics of the
energy source is the radioactive decay.

7. Our world, like an envelope that surrounds the outside
atmosphere and hydrosphere that make up the body of
water that moves pretty quickly able to follow in our daily
lives.
SOLID SUPPLY (LOCATION’S) except for earthquakes
and volcanic movements not recognized by us because it is
very slow.

8. Now a days, with the help of satellites, and GPS devices to
change the location of a point on the earth in order to millimetre
can be measured with precision. These measurements in the
order of centimetres per year of some parts of the world show that
act.

9. Our world is almost like an onion consists of
concentric envelopes. These envelopes have
different physical and chemical properties.

10. The world's most stringent state elastic
lithosphere is the top layer. Astenosphere are
lower than the plastic state.

11. CONVECTION CURRENTS
Place of energy released by radioactive decay deep in the
convection currents and moved up slowly. Consequently
Asthenosphere moves slowly. This movement moves the lithosphere
Asthenosphere the supernatant.

12. Lithosphere over asthenosphere
convection movements in different
directions due to the moving parts (sheet)
is formed.

13. SIGNS OF CONVECTIONAL
MOVEMENT
Plates approach each other by the effect of convection currents,
look away or are shifted laterally relative to each other.

14. MAJOR SIGNS OF OUR WORLD

15. Our world environment is constantly changing.
Child of our WORLD MAP BELOW 170 MILLION
YEARS AGO WAS LIKE THIS.

16. PRESENT MOVING THE WORLD
REGIONS are plate boundaries
HERE ARE earthquakes and volcanoes

17. WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE ?

18. EARTHQUAKE
WORLD MOVEMENT our lithosphere is
released during an energy discharge.
WORLD LARGEST EARTHQUAKE ZONE
LOCATED IN PLATE BOUNDARY

19. EARTHQUAKE
• faults
• Subduction zones
• volcanoes
• landslides
• crashes
• Overloading
• Underground blasting
• Develops due to the waste water tanks.

20. According to the formation of
Earthquakes
1) Earthquake Rifts: the underground caves or mines
earthquakes are caused by collapse of mines.
2) volcanic earthquakes: that is effective as a result of volcanic events
are earthquakes.
3) Tectonics Earthquakes: Continental and movement
during mountain building occurring in the earth's crust
happens during compression and fractures.
The most common is a kind of earthquake.
Domain is very wide.

21. BY DEPTH
1 - Shallow Earthquakes: 0 - 70 km
2 - Moderate Earthquake In Depth: 70 - 300 km
3 - Deep Focus Earthquakes: 300 - 700 km

22. BY DISTANCE
1 - Local Earthquake: less than 100 km
2 - Imminent earthquake: 100 km - 1000 km from
3 - Regional Earthquake: 1000 km - 5000 km from
4 - Remote Earthquake: more than 5000 km

23. ACCORDING TO MEGNITUDE
1 - Very Large Earthquakes: M> 8.0
2 - Large Earthquakes: 7.0 <M <8.0
3 - Medium Earthquakes: 5.0 <M <7.0
4 - Little Earthquakes: 3.0 <M <5.0
5 - Micro Earthquakes: 1.0 <M <3.0
6 - Ultra Micro - Earthquakes: M <1.0

24. USUALLY THE NAME OF EARTHQUAKE
FAULT along the fracture zone in the earth's
crust is formed.
FAY, THE WORLD'S MOST DEVELOPING
IN THE UPPER CRUST LAYER WITH A
BROKEN PLANE. TWO SIDE ROCK in
FAY allow you to move up relative to each
other.

25. FAY, variety and reasons of GROWTH

26. As a result OF A movement of rocks as a sign to
stop. Rock DEFORMATION IS MORE WAKE UP
TO broken rocks , this also creates a FAY.
FAY in the earth's crust can extend to a depth of
15-20 km

27. Before the formation of a fault develops a tension
in the region, the region is deformed. When it
comes to stress levels can not remove the rocks
are crushed rock.

28. Merkez üssü
Odak
Earthquake continues until stored energy is discharged,
Aftershocks are smaller then main Shock and they
continue until blocks settle down.

29. Atım miktarı
The region is broken fault by launching with two side
with each other and with a certain amount will be
discarded. The 17 August Earthquake rate is close to 5
meters.

31. Blocks during the earthquake, seismic waves
generated by a sudden shift in the rocks, and
they spread throughout the environment in
focus.

32. TIDAL WAVES
• Body waves
• Surface waves

33. P waves (longitudinal waves)
Earthquake recording stations are the first wave
arriving. These Are the fastest waves, Do not lead to
destruction.

34. S DALGALARI ( ENİNE DALGALAR)
P dalgalarından daha yavaş hareket ederler.
Depremlerde hasar yaparlar.

35. P and S waves reach up to seismograms passes
through the earth.
Radiating the same type and to the tidal wave
propagating along the earth's surface is called the
surface waves. Such waves are mainly engaged in
earthquake damage.

36. Seismograms recorded by seismic waves

37. The time difference between the P and S
waves used to find the epicentre of the
earthquake

39. P waves, S waves act twice its
normal rate. Thus the focus of the
two-wave arrival time increases
with distance.
P and S wave arrival time
by taking into account the
difference with three
seismograph earthquake
central base station can be
determined.

40. MAXIMUM EARTHQUAKE
• Fault length
• Fault area
• Beats / displacement amount
• Shear rate/ Slip Speed

41. Earthquake relieves
stresses in the earth's
crust.

42. THE North Anatolian FAY which began in 1939 and the
west earthquakes ARRAY consists of a moving out an
EARTHQUAKE.

44. TURKEY tectonic point of view is one
of WORLD'S MOST ACTIVE Regions

45. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKE
FOCUS 1963-1988

46. Turkey is earthquake country
• North Anatolian Fault
• East Anatolian Fault
• Aegean graben system
• Eastern Anatolia region jams
• Jam in the Black Sea
• Dead Sea Fault

47. 17 AUGUST Izmit-Adapazari earthquake, Mw = 7.4

59. DEPREM BÖLGELERİ HARİTASI

60. During an Earthquake
Do not forget! ..
During an earthquake everything happened so fast, thinking time is too short.
First, a noise is heard; then starts jolt.
Main devastating jolt comes after a few seconds.
Mostly just a few steps can be taken.
Reach a safe place as quickly as possible, you need to take the safest position.
First you need to protect your head, neck portion is the region to take care.
SQUAT GAME
FIND A SAFE PLACE AND crouched
PROTECT THE HEAD
KEEP A STRONG PLACES
Take deep breath SEVERAL TIMES AND, calm down
STAY unmoving until JOLT STOP.
By repeating this step as a game at home you can increase your speed.
We recommend that you participate in this game with elders.
One shouts at an unexpected time "Earthquake!" .
Near everyone hears it goes to most secure place, in the fastest way.
Go to the place where everyone discussed how to be safe.
To the least safe place and the slower ones will lose the game.
In this game it is up to you whether or not criminal people take part.

61. In Your house ...
Often! ..
The external walls of the apartment is dangerous, try to stay close to the
inner wall.
surrounded by the inner wall of the corridor is more secure.
Shake your head during the fall of objects (wall paintings, decorations
goods, book shelves, ...) where there are dangerous.
overturned furniture can be dangerous.
Window sills, windows and exterior walls as well are dangerous.
Window Glass is dangerous as it could break.

62. Where to go next ...
Shake before leaving your location when finished.
Listen to the environmental sound.
If officials are announcing that you need to listen to them.
If such an announcement sure you shake when You can go
to an open area.
May not always safe to leave your house

63. Living in earthquake

64. The end