1) Probability is defined as the ratio between a confirmed event and a possible event, but this definition has limitations as it assumes all outcomes are equally likely and that the number of possible outcomes is fixed. 2) Events can be categorized on a scale from impossible to sure based on their probability, and can be either independent, where the probability of one event does not impact another, or dependent, where probabilities are related. 3) Examples of independent events include randomly picking cards or marbles, while dependent events could involve picking multiple cards from the same deck where the first pick impacts the probability of subsequent picks.