Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowledge – Aquanor – Bergen, Norway – August 2013

AquaNor – Bergen, Norway – August 2013
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture
through Science‐based
Technology and Knowledge
Árni M. Mathiesen
FAO, Rome

Trends in fish supplies
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
mt
Aquaculture
Capture Fisheries
FAO, 2013

Aquaculture production
Americas,
Europe,
Africa, and
Oceania
Combined. 9%
[Million Tonnes]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
China
61%
Asia
91%
FAO, 2013

AquaNor – Bergen, Norway - August 2013
Facts
Aquaculture is
the fastest
growing food
production
sector in the
world

Average annual
production increase
(1970–2008)
Average annual
production increase
(2004–2008)
2008 Production
(tonnes x 1000)
Plant Food
Cereals 2.1% 3.9% 2,525,107
Pulses 1.1% 0.6% 60,929
Roots and Tubers 0.9% 0.9% 729,583
Vegetables and Melons 3.4% 1.7% 916,102
Animal Food
Beef and Buffalo 1.3% 1.6% 65,722
Eggs 3.2% 2.2% 65,586
Milk 1.5% 2.4% 693,707
Poultry 5.0% 3.9% 91,699
Sheep and Goats 1.8% 2.4% 13,174
Fish 8.4% 6.2% 52,568
Major Commodity Production
Source: World Fish

Country Percentage Animal
Protein Intake
Sierra Leone 63
Ghana 63
Gambia 62
Senegal 47
Maldives 71
Cambodia 59
Bangladesh 57
Indonesia 54
Sri Lanka 53
Fish as Protein in the Diet
Source: FAO

Facts
Aquaculture is
one of the most
sustainable
animal protein
production
systems

FCR (kg/kg) Protein
Efficiency %
N emission
(kg/t)
P emission
(kg/t)
Land (t/ha) Freshwater
Use (m3/t)
Beef 31.7 5 1.200 180 0.24-0.37 15,497
Chicken 4.2 25 300 40 1.0-1.2 3.918
Pork 10.7 13 800 120 0.83-1.10 4,856
Finfish 2.3 30 360 48 0.15-3.70 5,000
Bivalves not fed not fed -27 -29 0.28-20.0 0
Comparison of Sustainability Indicators
Source: WorldFish

Facts
 Aquaculture contributes
significantly to food security
and alleviating poverty
 Nearly 70 million tonnes of
annual production
 Nearly 50 percent of global
food fish consumption
 Nearly 20 kg/caput/year of
global consumption
 Nearly 50 million people are
employed in the sector!

Facts
Aquatic proteins
are more
nutritious than
terrestrial
proteins

 Rich in essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids –
[docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
in particular] which are needed to secure an optimal brain
and neural system development in neonates and infants.
 Fish is also an important provider of a range of micro-
nutrients not widely available from other sources in the diets
of the poor [particularly true for small sized species consumed
whole, which can be an excellent source of many essential
minerals such as iodine, selenium, zinc, iron, calcium,
phosphorus and potassium, but also vitamins such as A and D,
and several vitamins from the B-group].
Nutritional Facts

Facts
Investment risk
of aquaculture
co-varies with
environmental
risks to influence
sustainability

Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Salmon Industry

Fish supply-demand gaps
S-D gap (mt)
Supply
2030
Demand 2030
S-D gap
2030
Africa 11.7 18.7 -7.0
Asia 156.5 186.3 -29.8
Europe 18.6 23.4 -4.8
L.A. & C. 16.2 18.3 -2.1
Northern A. 6.2 12.9 -6.6
Oceania 1.5 1.8 -0.3
World 210.7 261.2 -50.6
Source: Estimation of FI Department

Aquaculture growth rate is declining!
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C. N.A. Oceania World
Fish
1981-1991 1991-2001
2001-2011
FAO, 2013

Bridging the supply-demand gaps
 If countries aquaculture production
follow the recent trend, expected
aquaculture growth rate:
 4.0 percent annually.
 To feed growing and wealthier world
population, required aquaculture
growth rate:
 5.6 percent annually.
 Insufficiency
Aquaculture
growth rate
during
2007-2030
Expected
APR (%)
Required
APR (%)
World 4.0 5.6
Africa 7.2 11.5
Asia 4.0 5.3
Europe 3.1 4.0
L.A. & C. 4.4 7.6
Northern A. 0.4 9.0
Oceania 2.6 7.9
Source: Estimation of FI Department

Main challenges
Land and water
Cost and energy efficient productivity
Ecosystem impacts
Feeds: Fishmeal, Fish Oil and other ingredients
Biosecurity and health
Conducive policy
Technology and knowledge
Finance and investment

• FAO Vision:
– A world in which responsible and sustainable use of fishery and aquaculture
resources make an appreciable contribution to human well-being, food
security and poverty alleviation.
• Knowledge Provider:
– High level of competence
– Large membership
– Strong networks and partners
• Capacity Developer:
– Variety of mechanisms available
– Dialogue and consensus building among partners
– Close collaboration with national institutions and competent authorities
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

CCRF and Other Sources of
Knowledge

Evaluation of
Needs
• COFI and COFI/SCA
• Global and Regional Conferences
• CPFs
Gathering
Knowledge
• From global expertise
• Specific technical assessments
• Expert consultation and workshops
Disseminating
Knowledge
• Packaging through different means: Circulars, Proceedings, Technical Papers,
Policy Briefs and Technical Guidelines and web-based information
Knowledge Dissemination

Requests
• Evaluation
• Dialogue
• Formulation
Implementation
• Partnership
• Policy reviews
• Pilot trials and field testing
Scaling Up
• Support to replication of experiences, at national, regional, global level
Technical Assistance

Virtual Information - Feeds
Aquaculture feed and
fertilizer resources
Nutrient composition of
feed ingredients
Aquaculture species
information

Knowledge – Aquaculture Planning
FAO guidelines on
implementing spatial
planning with an Ecosystem
Approach to Aquaculture
Scoping
Site selection
Carrying capacity assessment
Monitoring and review
Consultation with
stakeholders
Use of best available
information

Emergency Technical Assistance - Health
Early Mortality Syndrome
in Asia (Viet Nam)
Causative agent confirmed
Affected farmers trained on
better biosecurity and GAP
Emergency preparedness
guidelines improved
National aquatic animal
health strategy implemented

Support to Climate Change Adaptation
 By producing national,
regional and global reviews
on CC potential impacts and
adaptation options, which
include better technologies
and practices, and the
relevant policies to support
them
 Improved zoning CC risk mapping
 Improved seeds and resistant
strains

FAO alone can not
achieve this daunting
task.
We need partners.
We need a platform
for partnership and
cooperation!
Global Aquaculture
Advancement
Partnership (GAAP)

 It is a new concept rapidly evolving into a programme
 It fosters partnership
 PPP arrangements
 MoUs
 GAAP – Forum
 It invests on S-S and N-S cooperation
 It strengthens decentralization of FAO
 It provides a platform for sustainable aquaculture
development
 It calls for a concerted action!
Global Aquaculture Advancement
Partnership (GAAP)

Global Aquaculture Advancement
Partnership (GAAP)

Future
 All our efforts and action
towards sustainable
development of future
aquaculture, including
acquiring and dissemination
of technology and
knowledge, should be
science-based and will be
science-based!

Thank You!

Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowledge – Aquanor – Bergen, Norway – August 2013

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Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowledge – Aquanor – Bergen, Norway – August 2013

Editor's Notes