6. Climate Hazard Hotspots and Dominant Hazards
Source: Yusuf and Francisco. 2009. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia
Climate hazard hotspots Dominant hazards
Northwestern Vietnam Droughts
Eastern coastal areas of Vietnam Cyclones, droughts
Mekong region of Vietnam Sea level rise
Bangkok and its surrounding area
in Thailand
Sea level rise, floods
Southern regions of Thailand Droughts, floods
The Philippines Cyclones, landslides, floods, droughts
Sabah state in Malaysia Droughts
Western and eastern of Java
Island, Indonesia
Droughts, floods, landslides, sea level
rise
9. • Takes into account: food security,
adaptation and ecological footprint
• Development and ecological
footprint → green economy
• Foremost about development itself
and address smallholder concerns
• About outcomes, not just
technology or practices
• Context matters: CSA differs widely
• Crucial to deal with trade-offs
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)
12. Tolerance of
complete
submergence
• Submergence affects over
20 million hectares in Asia
• Affected areas are highly
populated with poor farming
communities
• FR13A identified in 1970s
after screening 18,000
accessions
• SUB1 identified in mid-
1990s as the major gene
• Marker-aided backcrossing
(MABC) being used to
transfer Sub1 gene
(Source:A. M. Ismail, IRRI)
13. Salt-tolerant rice
• Major genes being
used for marker-
aided breeding
• Salt stress affecting
more than 16 million
hectares in Asia.
• Effect worsening with
climate change in
coastal deltas.
• Tolerant landraces
being used to
develop tolerant
varieties.
(Source:A. M. Ismail, IRRI)
16. Genome editing for
iron biofortification
Targeting iron and bean genes to the
pre-determined locus in the BRRI
Dhan 28 genome using TALEN
(Transcription Activator-Like Effector
Nucleases).
The first generation genome-edited
Nsic Rc 238 lines with promoter
replacement obtained.
17. 15-20 years of research needed
Engineering C4 Rice
C4-photosynthesis rice could increase yield,
water and nitrogen use efficiency by 30-50%.
18. Other Biotechnologies
• Genome association mapping –
explore the links between
genotype and phenotype
• RNA interference (RNAi)
technology -operates by
suppression of gene expression by
double-stranded RNA molecules
• Site-directed nuclease
mutagenetic techniques like
meganucleases, zinc-finger
nucleases
20. Challenges
1. Delays due to regulatory approvals
of GE crops
2. Bringing in PPP
• Combining the desired CC related traits in
commercially viable varieties requires
investment
3. Moving to action
• Developing a deployment strategy that will allow
availability of seeds where and when it is
needed
• Bringing to scale
• Contributing to GHG mitigation targets
• Contributing to sustainability goals
• Contributing to food security and nutrition
21. Ag Biotech
an important tool that is now being applied to
make CSA
• New sources of genes
• Transfer of genes – intra and
inter species
• Combining multiple genes
• Creating/activating novel traits
• CC adaptation/Resilience
• Productivity
• Mitigation of GHG emission
• Sustainability
• Food security and nutrition