This document describes a computer-aided energy and exergy analysis (EEA) program developed to evaluate the performance of steam power plants. The program can analyze all main systems of a power plant, including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and feedwater heaters. It calculates the energy and exergy destruction of each system as well as the overall plant efficiency. The program was validated using data from previous studies and found to have errors less than 3%. Analysis of a 350 MW power plant in Egypt showed that the condenser accounts for most energy destruction while the boiler has the highest exergy destruction. Operation at full load and in later years showed improved efficiencies. The program provides a more detailed and flexible analysis compared to previous
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Computer aided evaluation of steam power plants performance based on energy and exergy analyses
1. 1
هالر ِنَمْحهالر ِ هاَّلل ِمْسِبِيم ِح
"اًمْلِع يِنْد ِز ِِّبَّر لُقَو"
طه114
In The Name Of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The
Most Merciful
“And say: My Lord! Increase me in
knowledge”
Ta-Ha' Verse 114
2. 2
Computer - Aided Evaluation of Steam
Power Plants Performance Based on
Energy and Exergy Analyses
الطاقة أساس على البخارية اريةرالح المحطات تقييم
اآللى الحاسب بمساعدة اإلتاحية و
4. 4
Eng. AHMED Noaman Ahmed
Kamal
Operation Engineer
Cairo Electricity Production
Company
Cairo West Thermal Power Plant
Units (7 & 8)
Mechanical Engineering
Department
Shobra Faculty of Engineering
Benha University
10. 10
• Energy is the cornerstone of the economic
development
Growing Energy Consumption
Depletion of Energy Resources
Energy Crisis
Electricity Shortage
11. 11
Solutions to Energy Crisis
Management of Energy
Production
Transmission
Usage
Alternative Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Geothermal Energy
Biofuel and Ethanol
12. • Countries pay money for
less power.
• Increasing the efficiency
will save resources and
money.
12
• Significant part of power is lost without any
benefit.
Management of Production Energy
14. 14
Indicate systems responsible for destruction
Calculate Main Systems Energy and Exergy
Efficiency Destruction
Possible ways to
Increase Efficiency Reduce Destruction
15. Energy and Exergy Analyses
Exergy is the maximum shaft work
It is used to analyze thermodynamics systems
15
Law of Thermodynamics
First
Quantity of
Energy
Second
Quantity of
Energy
Quality of Energy
16. Energy and Exergy Analyses for
Power Plants
Traditional Method
Computer Application
Method
16
Manual
Calculations
Write Codes
Calculations Graphs
17. 17
Author Energy and Exergy Analyses
Aljundi, 2009 Al-hussein Power Plant in Jordan
Ameri, 2009 Hamedan Power Plant in Iran
Erdem, 2009 Coal-fired Power Plants in Turkey
Rashad, 2009 Shobra El-Khima Power Plant
Traditional method
• Condenser: responsible for energy destruction
• It is thermodynamically insignificant.
• Boiler: responsible for exergy destruction
Results
18. 18
Author Computer Application
Ahmadi and Toghraie,
2016
EES (Engineering
Equation Solver)
Ahmadi and Dincer , 2011 Matlab Code
Singh et al., 2012 C++ Code
Al-Bagawi, 1994 Fortran Code
Fungtammsan, et al.,
1990
Turbo Pascal Code
Computer Application Method
19. 19
• Neglect fuel volumetric analysis
• Some mechanical systems are not
mentioned (De-superheat)
• Specified for the studied power plants
• Require source code modification
• Not interactive
From previous work we can
conclude that:
20. 20
Visual C# EEA
Crystal
Reports
EEA creation steps
• Applicable for all Steam Power Plants
• Cover the shortage in the earlier programs
• Overcome the problems of these programs
• Energy and Exergy Analyses (EEA)
Therefore the proposed computer
program aimed to:
21. • Determine energy and exergy analysis of the
power plants in detail.
• Determine systems and cycle energy and
exergy:
Destruction
Efficiency
• Determine main components responsible for
energy and exergy destruction.
• Cover many systems existed in power plants
21
EAA Specifications
22. • Add more details for each system
• Cover a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels
• Fuel volumetric analysis
• Introduce the results in tables and charts.
22
29. 29
I. Energy balance for steady flow
through control volume
• 𝑸 = 𝑾 + 𝒆 𝒎 𝒉 − 𝒊 𝒎 𝒉
• 𝒉 = 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝟐
𝟐 + 𝒈𝒁
30. 30
II. Exergy balance for adiabatic
steady flow through control
volume
• 𝑾 + 𝒆 𝒎. 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒊 𝒎. 𝒆𝒙
+ 𝑬𝒙 𝒅𝒆𝒔 = 𝟎
31. 31
• Boiler
• Turbine
• Condenser
• Condensate pump
• Feed-water pumps
• Feed-water heaters
Thermodynamics model of the main
systems of the power plant
46. 2011 2013 2015
Gross Energy Efficiency 76.991 69.29 75.308
Fuel Energy Efficiency 86.966 78.375 85.076
Exergetic Efficiency 51.049 45.757 49.921
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Boiler Efficiencies
46
Thermal and exergetic efficiencies of
the boiler decreased in 2013
47. 2011 2013 2015
Boiling and Superheating
Process Destruction (MW)
82.16 126.42 89.83
Combustion Process
Destruction (MW)
108.47 120.44 113.31
Fuel Flowrate (t/h) 30.61 35.73 32.04
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
Destruction(MW)
Exergy Destruction in Boiler Processes
47
• Boiling and super-heating process
• Combustion process
Exergetic destruction
48. 48
Using the fuel oil number 6 (Mazout) led to:
1. Corrosion occurs in the burner impeller and
gas spuds.
49. 49
2. Ashes and deposits:
Fouled the boiler tubes
Clogged the spaces between the tubes
50. 50
• Damaged parts are replaced
• Chemical cleaning
Major Overhaul In 2015
51. Old Programs EEA
Specified to the studied
power plants
General and applicable to
any steam power plant
Some mechanical
systems are not
mentioned
Cover a wide range of
systems
Neglect fuel volumetric
analysis
Consider fuel volumetric
analysis
Source code should be
edited to be used
No need for source code
editing
Not interactive
work line by line
Interactive program
Edit any system at any time51
Advantages of EAA
52. 52
• Condenser is the main source of energy
destruction with 81%.
• Boiler is the main source of exergy
destruction with 88.1%.
• Boiler has the lowest exergetic efficiency
with 51%
• Operation at full load is more efficient.
• Exergy destruction in boiler is due to:
• Combustion process
• Boiling and super-heating process
Conclusion
53. 53
• Further thermodynamic analyses of the
Cairo West Thermal Power Plant at
mixed firing.
• Upgrade the EEA to cover more systems:
• Gas Turbine system
• Combined Power Plants
• Geo Thermal Power Plants
• Solar Power Plants
Recommendations
54. 54
Thank you for your
attention
Ahmed Noaman Ahmed Kamal ElZayati
P.G. Student,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Department
Shobra Faculty of Engineering
+201113610115
Eng.pow.ahmed@gmail.com
Editor's Notes
نسخ كتابة لغة بحروف لغة اخرى
transliteration
تعتبر الطاقه حجر الزاوية و الاساس لنمو الاقتصاد فى العالم
نتيجة للنمو المطرد فى الاستهلاك ادى الى حدوث ازمة فى الطاقه و اللى كان من اهم صورها حدوث نقص فى امدادت الكهرباء فى العالم
و اللى مصر كانت من الدول اللى بتواجه هذه المشكلة
لذلك كان لابد من طرح حلول فعالة لمواجهة هذة الازمة
غير بناء محطات انتاج للكهرباء جديده
اتجه العلماء لحل مشكلة الطاقة الى طريقان
1- تحقيق الادارة المثلى للطاقه
2- انشاء محطات الطاقة التى تعتمد على الطاقات المتجدده لمواجهة التناقص المستمر فى الموارد الطبيعيه
فبالنظر لعملية ادارة و استخدام الطاقه
وجدنا ان جزء كبير من الطاقة بيفقد دون الاستفادة منه
و ذلك لانخفاض كفاءة المنظومات المستخدمة سواء فى عمليات الانتاج او النقل
او حتى انخفاض كفاءة المعدات المستخدمة فى المنازل و المصانع و اللى بتتطلب كهرباء اكثر
و دا بيأدى الى ان ارتفاع النفقات مقابل الحصول على كهرباء اقل
لذلك كان لابد من رفع كفاءة المنظومات المستخدمة لتوفير المال
Energy and Exergy
Energy and exergy analyses of power plants depend on
Fist Law and Second Law
بالنظر للقانون الاول وجد انه لا يدرس سوى كمية الطاقه بغض النظر كانت هذة الطاقة
Useful or not
نتيجة لهذا القصور كان لابد من تبنى القانون الثانى و الذى يركز على نوعية الطاقه
ادى ذلك الى ظهور مصطلح جديد و هو الاكسرجى
و هى اقصى كمية من الطاقة يمكن الحصول عليها فى بيئة معينه
حيث ان كمية الطاقة التى نحصل عليها تتغير باختلاف المحيط
Exergy is the maximum shaft work that can be done by the composite of the system and a specified reference environment
تستهلك وقت و جهد
توفر الوقت و الجهد للتركيز على تحليل النتائج
Destruction due to: combustion process , Heat transfer
Rashad, 2009 :
Turbine = 42% Exergy destruction due to neglecting the boiler analysis.
Aljundi
Condenser = 66% energy destruction Boiler = 77% exergy destruction
Ameri
Condenser = 70% energy destruction Boiler = 81% exergy destruction
Give same reults
1- hydrocarbon fuel affects on the boiler and power plant efficiencies
5- work line by line
Cannot edit previous work
لذلك فقد قمنا بأخذ هذه النقاط بالاعتبار عند تصميمنا لبرنامج جديد يسمى
لذلك فقد قمنا بأخذ هذه النقاط بالاعتبار عند تصميمنا لبرنامج جديد يسمى
Design system form to insert parameters
Use it and make calculations
Use
Calculate the cycle thermal and exergetic efficiencies.
to cover all possible systems.
و اللى يرجع للزياده فى
Exergy destruction for:
Combustion process
Heat transfer process
Heat rate loss in boiler
FW + Cold RH + Spray + Fuel + Air
- MS – HR – Flue gases from Air heater
Heat rate loss in boiler
FW + Cold RH + Spray + Fuel + Air
MS – HR – Flue gases from Air heater
Destruction= I = Fuel−Product
Case B
و اللى بيخلية اكبر الانظمة المسئوله عن ال
Destruction = 90% of plant exergetic destruction
و ذلك نتيجة للفقد الحادث فى عمليتى ال
Combustion and Heat Transfer
Condenser energy destruction = 81 % and 0.2% exergy destruct
Boiler energy destruction = 16.5 % and 88.1% exergy destruction
Due to :
Heat absorbed to deformation fuel to Carbon + Hydrogen
Excess Air (O2)
H2O vapor
Unburnt fuel absorb heat
Flue gas through stack
Water vapor to atmosphere
Flue gases to atmosphere 150 degree C
Combustion destruction = 108 MW
Heat Transfer destruction = 82 MW
وجدنا ان كفاءة المحطة بترتفع بنسبة 3%
و اللى بتكون بسبب زيادة كفاءة كل الانظمة خاصة الغلايه
كما ذكرنا انها مسئولة عن 90% من الفقد فإن اى تحسين فى كفائتها يؤدى الى زيادة كبيره فى كفاءة المحطة
الرسم يوضح زيادة كفاءة الغلاية بنسبة = 1.8 %
بسبب زيادة
combustion efficiency
و اللى كانت بسبب انخفاض ال
Excess air
which decrease Air-Fuel ratio
و اللى بيأدى لرفع AFT
لقد قمنا بعمل مقارنة بين النتائج
و بالنظر الى النتائج تم ملاحظة انخفاض كبير فى كفاءة المحطة فى العام 2013
Exergy Destruction 2013= 4%
2015 = 2.6%
و اللى كان بسبب الانخفاض الملحوظ فى كفاءة الغلاية
Exergy eff. Decrement = 5.3%
Boiling and super-heating process
Combustion process
و اللى يرجع للزياده فى
Exergy destruction for:
Combustion process
Heat transfer process
و لتوضيح الاسباب المسئولة عن هذة الزياده كان لابد من مقارنة سجل الصيانه للوحدات خلال هذه الفتره
و لقينا ان فى بداية عام 2015 تم عمل عمرة جسيمه للغلايه و اللى بينت التالى:
التاكل و اللى كان بسبب
تشوه شكل اللهب نتيجة انسداد المسافات البينيه لل
Swirller
Causing : diffuser and gas spuds increasing temperature to melting point
Due to these problems:
The fuel consumption increased
Combustion And Heat Trans. destruction increased .
efficiency of boiler decreased.