TEST BANK For Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 16th Edition by Gerard J....
Automatic calibration method for driver’s head orientation and eye movements in natural driving environment
1. AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION METHOD FOR DRIVER’S
HEAD ORIENTATION AND EYE MOVEMENTS IN
NATURAL DRIVING ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT
Gaze tracking is crucial for studying driver’s attention, detecting fatigue, and
improving driver assistance systems, but it is difficult in natural driving environments due to
non-uniform and highly variable illumination and large head movements. Traditional
calibrations that require subjects to follow calibrators are very cumbersome to be
implemented in daily driving situations. A new automatic calibration method, based on a
single camera for determining the head orientation and which utilizes the tracking of eye
movement’s calibration points, is presented in this paper. Supported by a self-learning
algorithm, the system tracks the head and eye and categorizes the head pose and movements.
The particle filter is used to estimate the head pose to obtain an accurate gaze zone by
updating the calibration parameters. Experimental results show that, after several hours of
driving, the automatic calibration method without driver’s corporation can achieve the same
accuracy as a manual calibration method. The mean error of estimated eye gazes was less
than 5◦ in day and night driving.
EXISTING SYSTEM
Gaze tracking is crucial for studying driver’s attention, detecting fatigue, and
improving driver assistance systems. Video-based methods are commonly used in gaze
trackingbut are vulnerable to the illumination changes between day and night. Eye-gaze
tracking methods using corneal reflection with infrared illumination have been primarily used
indoor but are highly affected by sunlight. Recently, video-based eye-gaze tracking methods
have been used in natural driving environments. This paper presents an automatic tracking
system for head-pose and eye-gaze estimations in natural driving conditions. To achieve this
goal, we have developed a novel learning algorithm combined with a particle filter. This
framework differs from previous methods, to a great extent, in its ability to estimate a
driver’s gaze zone automatically, which minimizes the need for driver compliance. Accident
is one of the major issues nowadays. In an existing system, there is no way to find out what
2. the driver of a vehicle has done while driving. But in our proposed system automatic
calibration method for driver’s head orientation in natural driving environment has executed.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the proposed system, the two main contributions of this paper are in the
configuration of hardware and designs of algorithms. The first contribution is the new
learning algorithm that allows for the self-classifications of the different head poses and eye
gazes. When a driver is seated, the driver’s head position and eye gaze will be tracked by the
web cam which is placed in the steering relative to the side rear mirrors, the rear-view mirror,
the windshield, etc., does not vary greatly and most drivers have habitual and consistent ways
of moving their head and eyes when looking in a specific direction.
Our second contribution is the method of combining face detection, a learning
algorithm, and particle filtering in a cycling structure that enables the tracking system to run
automatically. These algorithms are put in a proper logical order so that they can call each
other without manual intervention. Whenever the driver is sleeping or doing something else
without looking front of the road the alarm which is placed in the car will ON. So by using
this proposed system we can avoid the accidents which are happened in our cities.
HARDWARE REQURIMENT
8051 Microcontroller
PC
webcam
Buzzer
SOFTWARE REQURIMENT
VISUAL STUDIO
Virtual terminal
