Kotlin Multiplatform & Compose Multiplatform - Starter kit for pragmatics
Energy efficient wireless mac protocolsfor railway monitoring applications
1. ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIRELESS MAC PROTOCOLSFOR
RAILWAY MONITORING APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT
Recent advances in wireless sensor networking (WSN) techniques have encouraged
interest in the development of vehicle health monitoring (VHM) systems. These have the
potential for use in the monitoring of railway signalingsystems and rail tracks. Energy
efficiency is one of the most important design factors for the WSNs as the typical sensor
nodes are equipped with limited power batteries. In earlier research, an energy-efficient
cluster-based adaptive time-division multiple access(TDMA) medium-access-control (MAC)
protocol, namedEA-TDMA, has been developed by the authors for the purpose of
communication between the sensors placed in a railway wagon.
This paper proposes another new protocol, named E-BMA, which achieves even
better energy efficiency for low and medium traffic by minimizing the idle time during the
contention period. In addition to railway applications, the EA-TDMA and E-BMA protocols
are suitable for generic wireless data communication purposes. Both analytical and
simulation results for the energy consumption of TDMA, EA-TDMA, BMA, and E-BMA
have been presented in this paper to demonstrate the superiority of the EA-TDMA andEBMA protocols.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
With the increased demand for railway services, railway monitoring systems continue
to advance at a remarkable pace to maintain reliable, safe, and secure operation. The lack of
2. safety and security monitoring of railway infrastructure runs the risk of train collision, train
derailment, terrorist threats, and failures in the train wagons, etc.
The performance of rail vehicles running on tracks is limited by the lateral instability
inherent to thedesign of the wagon’s steering and the response of the railway wagon to
individual or combined track irregularities. Railway track irregularities need to be kept within
safe operating marginsby undertaking appropriate maintenance programs. Track geometry
inspection and monitoring enhances train-operating safety and reduced vehicle and track
dynamic interaction.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In this project, we are going to implementing and monitoring using 2-wireless sensor
network. And we can also use 3-wireless sensor network, using dotnet application and
TCP/IP protocol to implementation and monitoring in railway application.
The potential of WSN technology to monitor the railwaywagonhealth condition and
the vertical displacement of railwaywagons due to track irregularities has yet to be fully
explored.The limited lifetime of the batteries that power the sensor nodesmakes the energy
efficiency a major design issue for WSNs. This paper concentrates on developing an energyefficientWSN MAC protocol to collect data from sensor nodes that are placed inside the
railway wagons and send the data tothe locomotive for further precautionary actions to
prevent anyfuture disastrous events. Although theproposed energy-efficient protocol is
designed with the railwayapplications in mind, it is applicable to generic wireless
datacommunication purposes.
HARDWARE REQURIMENT:
1. ARM microcontroller
2. ZIGBEE
3. PC
SOFTWARE REQURIMENT:
1. Keil IDE
2. Visual studio
3. Flash magic
