Design Joint Pin for Tractor

INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
AMIMTDE Page i
Declaration
We had been the internship program in Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Technology
Development Enterprise (AMIMTDE) for the consecutive 45 days from February 01/2013 to
march 15/2013 with a good participation. We declared that the prepared final internship report
given below; this internship report is submitted by us under the guidance of
Mr.Awel muhabaw (company advisor). We assure that this project contains the joint pin for tractor
that we have done while in our internship stay. We do the content of the project with detail and
neat explanation.
Student Name Signature
▪ Ebrahim Ayelegn ……………………………………..………….E.A
▪ Abenezer Tarekgn……………………………………………….A.T
▪ Birtukan Mulat……………………………………………………B.M
▪ Daniel Ewnetu…………………………………………………….D.E

AMIMTDE Page ii
Acknowledgement
First of all we would like to thank we God for helping we to start this project. And then I would like to tank
various people help me making this intern ship success: And we would like to thanks our family to be on one
side
Secondly we would also like to thank to some Madda Walabu University lecturers especially Mr. Abebe
Asmamawu and Abebe Mengistu who helps we to perform this project by giving advice and supporting by
checking steps and methods, and also we went to thanks his interest to contact with us at any time with
telegram. Call…etc
Finally we would like to thanks our friends, who give us some information about the project design and other
helpful material for this internship success. And also for their interest to help us in many way and also we
would like to express my appreciation for their contribution.

AMIMTDE Page iii
Abstract
Internship is the programs in which we have improved our practical skill by interconnect with
the theoretical knowledge in the field. The main goal of the internship program is to develop the
practical skill. The main objective of this study was the design join pin for tractor.
This paper focuses on the design of pin for the purpose design join pin for tractor. One of the
major components in heavy machinery connector is the pin joint. Pin joint is to connect two or
more movable or rotary component parts. The purpose to design and analysis this pin to connect
and transmit power from the motor (tractor) to the work tool like harvesting, plugging and
product carrier machine
In the first part of our report, we briefly described the back ground of our intern ship hosting
company. It includes the background of the company and objective of the company,
establishment, and location. Mission vision and the main product of company
The second chapter present the description of the project work , including title , and short
summery of the project, application, objective, scope, methodology and literature review, and
material selection relevant solutions also briefly. The report has been finalized by clearly giving
final conclusion, recommendation, reference and appendices of the document.

AMIMTDE Page iv
Nomenclature, symbol and abbreviation
• AMIMTDE = Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Development Technology Enterprise
• 𝐹𝐴= force applied at A
• 𝐹𝐵= force applied at B
• D = diameter of Pin
• L = length of pin
• 𝑀𝐴= moment at A
• 𝐹
𝑠= factor of safety
• 𝜏𝑀𝑎𝑥 = maximum stress
• 𝜎𝑐 = crushing stress
List of figure
Figure 1 logo of the company......................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2 Joint Pin for Tractor ........................................................................................................ 3
Figure 3 Pin joint design .............................................................................................................. 12
List of table
Table 1Indian standard designation of steel according to IS 1570 (Part I)-1978 (Reaffirmed ..... 8

AMIMTDE Page v
Contents
Declaration............................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................ii
Abstract..................................................................................................................................iii
Nomenclature, symbol and abbreviation ............................................................................... iv
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................. 1
1. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY ................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Establishment of the company.......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Location of the company .................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Mission of the company.................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Vision of the company...................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Objectives of the company................................................................................................ 2
1.7 main product of the company ........................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Background........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Definition....................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Purpose of pin joint (application) .................................................................................. 4
1.2.3 Type of joint pin........................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Objective............................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 General objective ........................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Methodology......................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 limitation........................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Literature review................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER FOUR........................................................................................................................... 7

AMIMTDE Page vi
4.1 Material Selection ................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................ 9
5.1 Design Analysis .................................................................................................................... 9
5.1.1 Force analysis................................................................................................................. 9
5.1.2 Geometrical analysis...................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER SIX............................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Result and Discussion......................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER SEVEN ...................................................................................................................... 13
7.1 Conclusion and Recommendation ...................................................................................... 13
Reference .............................................................................................................................. 14

AMIMTDE Page 1
CHAPTER ONE
1. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
1.1 Introduction
Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Development Technology Enterprise undertakes problem
oriented agro-ecological based research on pre harvest and irrigation technologies, post
harvesting and processing technologies, animal husbandry technologies and alternative energy
technologies for developments, testing and popularization of need based farm implement and
machinery to increase productivity of the land labor through time line of operations efficient use
of resources, improvement in quality of products and safety and comfort of farmers and reduce
drudgery. The has a logo as shown in Error! Reference source not found.
Figure 1 logo of the company
1.2 Establishment of the company
The company established in 1985 by the name of Bahir Dar Rural Technology Promotion Center
with the aim of multiplying of and popularizing agricultural implements, rural industry
development and rural energy development team. But after 1996, after the center has been re-
organized with the objective of supporting the sustainability of the agricultural development in
the region through design, testing and promoting agricultural implements. During this time it was
rearranged in prototype design and studies and production and maintenance team. Finally in
1999 the name of the center changed to Bahir Dar Agriculture mechanization and Food Science

AMIMTDE Page 2
research center and started to conduct research on generating/selecting, developing, adopting and
it promotes appropriate agricultural, and mechanization technologies at the regional level.
1.3 Location of the company
Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Development Technology Enterprise are located in the
capital of Amhara regional state, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Specifically, it located in Keble 17, near
Bahir dar international stadium.
1.4 Mission of the company
Metal Machine technology to the promotion of the development, transfer,
preparation, marketing, production and entry into the market for performing
agricultural and industrial technology to alleviate bottlenecks in the global market
and competitive technologies and extractive industry.
1.5 Vision of the company
To become one of the top ten technology capabilities in Africa up to 2025.and also to see metal
machine technology built its capacity in the region.
1.6 Objectives of the company
The General objective of the enterprise is to fulfill the gaps of technology requirement among
Manufacturing Industry, Agriculture Sector, Micro and Small enterprise in terms of product and
service
1.7 main product of the company
The main products of the organization are;
✓ Manufacturing and selling of different technologies of metal machines
✓ Manufacturing and selling of spare parts
✓ Advising and training services
✓ Different water lifting, harvesting and irrigation technologies

AMIMTDE Page 3
CHAPTER TWO
1.1 Introduction
One of the major components in heavy machinery connector is the pin joint. Pin joint connects
two links by constraining the lateral movement while allowing rotation of the links. In heavy
types of machinery, pin joints are often formed using a plain pin and bushing. Under heavy loads
and slow rotational speeds, such a joint will operate in the boundary lubrication regime. Under
such conditions, a steel-on-steel pin joint is prone to "galling" failure.
1.2 Background
1.2.1 Definition
A pin joint is a connection between two objects that allows only relative rotation about a single
axis .a pin joint is formally called a revolute joint in kinematics and may also be referred to as a
pivot point when analyzing motion in two dimensions, or as a hinge.
A pin joint is a type of kinematics pair, an idealized description of the motion constrains within a
machine, which allows motion analysis. There are many ways that pin joints are constructed, for
example hinges and roller bearings.
Figure 2 Joint Pin for Tractor

AMIMTDE Page 4
1.2.2 Purpose of pin joint (application)
Pin joint is to connect two or more movable or rotary component parts.
✓ To Farmers Need to Move Implements on the Road
✓ To protect the component parts from overloads.
✓ To produce firm and tight joints of component parts.
✓ To produce joints for rotary motions.
✓ To produce hinged connections, hold springs or Limit the path of a moving part.
1.2.3 Type of joint pin
➢ Cylindrical pin
➢ Grooved cylindrical pin
➢ Center-grooved dowel pin
1.3 Objective
1.3.1 General objective
The main objective of this project is to design pin joint for tractor with the rated power of 40/110
H.P.
1.4 Scope
The scope of this design project is limited to design pin joint for the purpose to connect tractors
with their thigh tool with the rated power 40h.p to 110h.p and the pin is also circular pin. This is
the scope of our design.

AMIMTDE Page 5
1.5 Methodology
This project has seven chapters and classified them into two major parts, the first part is an
introductory part and the second part is analysis of the project by using the force analysis,
numerical analysis, geometric analysis and as well as the material selection. Finally
this project design is focus on the joint pin design for tractor which different parameters such as
force; stress, shear etc. are calculated by numerical method. Generally describe by using block
diagram of methodology as follow.
Flow chart of methodology
1.6 limitation
We are not finished this project yet but, until this time we gated those problems such as:
• Lack of comfortable area by means of funds in the university is not riches for us.
• Lack of computer access to work this project.
1 •Need or Aim
2 •Synthesis
3 •Litrature Review
4 •Material Selection
5 •Design Analysis
6 •Force Analysis
7 •Geometry Analysis
8 •Result and disscussion
9 •Conclution
10 •Recommendation
11 •Reffernce

AMIMTDE Page 6
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Literature review
Sauarv Des, Vishvendra and Bartaria, Prashant Pandey calculated the stress in pin joint
using analytical method. It was observed that on changing the pin diameter the load
carrying capacity of the pin increase
Dinesh Shind and kanak kalita performed Finite element analysis of joint pin used in
tractor trailer. Analysis was performed on pin under acceleration and declaration condition
using Newton second law. It was observed the intensity of von misses stress is maximum in
case of declaration.
Nishant Vibhab Sexena and Dr.Rohit Rajvaidya performed the study of analysis of pin joint
with the replacement of material by Teflon. It was observed parts made of composite
material are economical to produce and facilitate cost reduction as compared to metal parts.

AMIMTDE Page 7
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Material Selection
One of the most important tasks for a designer is the specification of the material from which any
individual component of a product is to be made. The first step in the pin design process is to select
the material. A material is to be selected by doing intensive research on the properties of the various
materials.
The selection of a proper material, for engineering purposes, is one of the most difficult
problems for the designer. The best material is one which serves the desired objective at the
minimum cost. The following factors should be considered while selecting the material:
➢ Availability of the materials.
➢ Suitability of the materials for the working conditions in service.
➢ The cost of the materials.
Material selection for the pin:
The material selection for pin should be hard with good strength and high compressive and
shearing strength in order to make the design safe. Pin may be cast or fabricated or forged. The
pin is usually a tight fit in the eye of held to the eye with a grub screw and bearings are provided
in the fork. Then I choose plain carbon steel.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with carbon content up to a maximum of 1.5%. The carbon
occurs in the form of iron carbide, because of its ability to increase the hardness and strength of
the steel. Most of the steel produced now-a-days is plain carbon steel or simply carbon steel.
Carbon steel is defined as steel which has its properties mainly due to its carbon content and does
not contain more than 0.5% of silicon and 1.5% of manganese.
According to Indian standard IS: 1570 (Part–I)-1978 (Reaffirmed 1993), these steels are
designated by a symbol ‘Fe’ or ‘Fe E’ depending on whether the steel has been specified on the
basis of minimum tensile strength or yield strength, followed by the figure indicating the
minimum tensile strength or yield stress in N/mm2.

AMIMTDE Page 8
Table 1Indian standard designation of steel according to IS 1570 (Part I)-1978 (Reaffirmed
Selection of material
The pin is subjected to shear stress and bending stress. Therefore, strength is also the criterion of
material selection for the pin. On strength basis, the material for to rods and pin is selected as
plain carbon steel of Fe E (𝑆𝑦 = 410N mm2
⁄ ) .It is further assumed that the yield strength in
compression is equal to yield strength in tension. In practices, the compressive strength of steel is
much higher than its tensile strength.
Selection of factor of safety
In stress analysis of pin joint, the effect of stress concentration is neglected. To account for this
effect, a medium factor of safety of 8 is assumed in the present design

AMIMTDE Page 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Design Analysis
Most standard until farm tractors with a horsepower between 40 and 110 will weight, on average,
2,388kilogrames(5,264lbs) .as the value of horsepower increased, so did the overall weight of the
Trailer .type of tires ,ballasting, enclosed or non-enclosed cab, full fuel tank of empty, can also
effect the weight of e tractor.
5.1.1 Force analysis
The force analysis consideration is based on the assumption of the pin joint load by horizontally
symmetrically. And In force analysis title we have seen on how to calculate the different
dimension of pin joint with the necessary calculated since the dimension is
necessary to calculate the force analyses on the pin joint.
Weight of Trailer 2388kg
Force (P) =mg where m=2388kg g=9.81≈9.8m
s2
⁄
P = mg = 23427N
5.1.2 Geometrical analysis
Geometrical analysis deals with the determination of the overall dimensions of the pin joint.
Then the length of pin joint for tractor is 180mm and the length of pin is slightly made to exceed
the width of vertical column, that is L=180mm
Axial tensile force[P = mg = 2388 × 9.81 = 23427N = 23.43KN]
Pin (pin between vertical A and B)
Due to the load applied at the middle of pin the pin that connects the vertical A and B subjected
to shearing stress. The material selected for the pin should be ductile and we have selected mild
steel The shearing force applied on the pin that connects the vertical A with B can obtained using
the principle that summation of moment on the pin that connects the A is zero.

AMIMTDE Page 10
∑ MA = 0 0 = 𝑃 × 90𝑚𝑚 − FB × 180mm
23427 × 90𝑚𝑚 = FB × 180mm
2108430𝑁𝑚𝑚 = FB × 180mm
FB = 11713.5N = FA
Since, the pin subjected to high tensile and shearing stress, the material for the pin should be
ductile. In addition, the material selected is mild steel, From Indian standard designation steel.
From the above table in material selection we have selected Fe 690 which has minimum tensile
strength of 690N/mm2 and minimum yield strength of 410N/mm2.For steel the factor of safety of
heavy load isfs = 8.
τMax =
σy
2(fs)
=
410
2(8)
= 25.625MPa
Shear failure of pin

AMIMTDE Page 11
The pin will subjected to double shear and then the pin designed as follow. The area of each of
the two planes that resist shear failure is (
π
4
d2
) .therefore; shear stress in the pin is given by
Thus, τMax =
P
2(A)
A =
P
2τMax
=
πD2
4
Diameter of pin
D = √
2 × P
πτMax
= √
2 × 23427
π × 25.625
= 27.6 ≈ 30mm
Crushing failure of pin
When a cylindrical surface such as a pin is subjected to a force along its periphery, its projected
area is taken into consideration to find out the stress. The projection area of the cylindrical
surface is (l × d)and the compressive stress is given by,
σc =
P
l × d
=
23427
180 × 30
= 4.4MPa

AMIMTDE Page 12
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 Result and Discussion
Part no Design object Description Measurement(mm) Quantity
1 Pin for tractor Diameter 30 1
length 180
PIN JOINT DESIGN
Figure 3 Pin joint design

AMIMTDE Page 13
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.1 Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
Internship program is a good program of transferring knowledge, improving practical skills, up
grading theoretical knowledge with practice, improving practical skills, interpersonal
communication skills, team playing skills, entrepreneur ship skills and leadership skills,
understanding about work ethics related
Generally, both the internship and the project were completed with great
success. In the last one month’s we had worked in Amhara metal industry and machine
technology development enterprise, we have gained many skills. It gave us the highlight of our
future as Mechanical Engineer. This also gave us the chance to revise what we have learned for
the past three years directly or indirectly.
The project has proven to provide a very successful design of joint pin for tractor with detail
calculations, force analysis, and material selection with drawing.
Recommendation
We recommended this pin joint to have a key at the bottom of the pin for the purpose of hung up
the tractor and the tractor dead load carriers. And also we recommended this pin joint to make
with more than our material to have highly performance.
We have some recommendations for our hosting company. We would like to recommend
students who join the internship program for the future to use their time effectively and change
their theoretical knowledge to practical.
Finally we have some recommendations for our university should create an opportunity for some
students to join their internship programs to abroad (well developed) countries for more
advancement of knowledge and technology sharing.

AMIMTDE Page 14
Reference
▪ R.S.Kuhrmi, J.K.Gupta, “A text book of machine design”, fourteenth edition: Eurasia
publisher, 2005
▪ Shigley’s mechanical engineering design / Richard G. Budynas, J. Keith Nisbett. 9th Ed
▪ Design of machine element third edition by V B bhandari
▪ The hosting Company profile magazine.
▪ Joseph E. Shigley and Charles R. Mischke. “Standard hand book of machine design” 2nd
edition, 1996.
▪ Engineering design / George E. Dieter, Linda C. Schmidt. - 4th ed’

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