The buildings and landscapes at Duke Farms have been designed to be sustainable. This means that they place minimal demands on non-renewable energy resources and reduce pollution and waste,creating healthier indoor and outdoor environments.
The infrastructure that supports the buildings at Duke Farms uses green technologies such as a solar array, geothermal wells, and a constructed wastewater wetlands to maximize energy efficiency. Renovation of existing structures minimizes the need for new materials and interior spaces are designed with human health and well being in mind by maximizing air flow and providing abundant natural light.
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Sustainable Technology At Duke Farms
1. Sustainable Technologies
At Duke Farms
The mission of Duke Farms is to be a model of
Environmental Stewardship for the 21st Century and to
inspire visitors to become informed stewards of the land.
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2. The History of Duke Farms
Photo credit: Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Historical Archives, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &
Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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3. James (Buck) Buchanan Duke (1856-1925)
Entrepreneur & Founder of
American Tobacco Co.(1890)
Duke’s Farm Inc. (1893)
Duke Energy Corp. (1904)
Philanthropist
Trinity College (1895)
Duke Endowment (1924)
Duke University (1924)
Minority Colleges in NC, SC
Father of Doris Duke
4. Doris Duke (1912-1993)
Philanthropist& Art Collector
Environmentalist & Preservation
Innovator & Forward thinker
Founder of the Newport Restoration
Foundation (1968)
Founder of the Doris Duke Foundation for
Islamic Art (1996)
Founder of the Duke Gardens Foundation
(opened to public in 1964)
Gave away about $300 million (often
anonymously) during her lifetime
Left $1.2 Billion to charity upon her death
Benefactress of the Doris Duke Charitable
Foundation and related entities(1996)
5. What is sustainable technology ?
1. To meet our needs without compromising the needs of the next generation
2. Mimic Nature
Traditionally mankind uses resources in a linear fashion:
Ore manufacture build ship demolition dump
Sustainable technology demands that we use resources in a circular fashion:
Recycle
Deconstruct Manufacture
Build
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6. Why We Do It?
To Test Sustainable Technologies
To Demonstrate Sustainable Technologies
To Inspire our Visitors and Neighbors
Both Residential and Institutional
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7. What is LEED Certification?
LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Benchmarks green building
The LEED system works by awarding points for a variety
of sustainable and landscape friendly features
The total of points achieved results in a silver, gold or
platinum certification.
Orientation Center and Orchid Range are LEED Platinum
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8. What LEED Measures
LEED promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing
performance in key areas:
+Sustainable Sites
+Water Efficiency
+Energy & Atmosphere
+Materials & Resources
+Indoor Environmental Quality
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9. LEED - Lessons Learned
~ Don’t just consider building it. Think about operating it.
~ Involve the Facilities Staff early and continuously
~ Technological limits (ex: when the grid is down so is our solar array)
~ LEED can limit expansion and future options
~ LEED can limit adaptation
~ LEED for New Buildings is very different than LEED for Existing
Buildings
~ Variable Scales, it doesn’t have to be huge to be worthwhile
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10. The Three R’s
(In this order!)
Reduce
Use as little as possible.
Demand suppliers use less packing materials
Reuse
Adaptive reuse
Reclaimed materials
Recycle
At Duke Farms we strive to divert 75% of the
waste stream from landfill
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12. Adaptive Reuse
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Most preferred use
Reusing the shell
Farm Barn:
-Buck Duke, Thorough Bred Horse Barn
-Doris Duke, Dairy Barn
-DFF, Orientation Center
Other examples:
-The High Line Park in NYC
-Louvre Museum in Paris
-Ghiradelli Square in San Francisco.
-Tate Modern in London
13. Reclaimed Materials
Second most preferred
Reuse, reconditioned
-Wood
-Fixtures
Third most preferred
-Recycled
-Concrete, glass, bricks, wood, wiring,
plumbing pipes, asphalt shingles, sheet
metal
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14. Solar Array
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-Powers all of Duke
Farms.
-2.6 Acres.
-640 Kilowatts.
-Equal to power used
by 78 homes.
-Net Zero
-Meter runs both ways
-Static
-S-REC’s
-Can only be 110% of
predicted need
-Huge reduction of
CO2
15. Solar Thermal at the Orchid Range:
Pre-heating Water for the Boilers
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Vacuum tubes
Works even when overcast
Heat transfer
Preheats boiler return water
Radiant heat
16. Geothermal Wells
o 56 400’ wells next to the Farm Barn.
o Constant 50 to 55 degrees.
o Closed loop system
o Heat in winter and air conditioning in the summer.
o In a residential application tubes can be placed
horizontally rather then vertically.
o 2014, reduced CO2 by 598 tons
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17. Radiant Heating
Heat is applied where it is needed
If your feet are warm, so are you.
Cools and Heats
Filled with Glycol
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18. Water Consumption
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Waterless urinals and low flush
toilets to conserve water.
In the core area there are five
composting toilets
The fans work from a small solar
panel on the roof, creating negative
pressure so there is no odor.
Compost shrinks
Rather than 1.6 gallons per flush, the
Compostable Toilets use 2 gallons
every 2 months!
19. Rainwater Harvesting
Rain Barrels collect water
Divert from storm drains
Prevent soil erosion
Water garden, and wash cars and outdoor
furniture
Dish soap to avoid mosquitos
Empty weekly
Use soaker hoses
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20. Green Roof
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Also known as eco-roofs or living roofs
-Found at the tram stop at the orientation center
-Prior to planting, a waterproof membrane is
placed over the roof .
-We plant in 2’ by 2’ plastic trays
o Benefits include:
Insulation,
Diminished heat island effect
Lower urban air temperatures.
Wildlife habitat for pollinators
Absorbs rain water thus reducing storm water run off.
oThe drawbacks include:
Increased load on the house frame
More maintenance and increased cost.
21. BioSwales
•A collection device for rain water
•A place to retain water until it can be
absorbed and returned to the water table
•A natural filter for silt and other pollutants
•Bacteria on the roots digest automotive
fluids
•Photosynthesis converts CO2 to O
•A natural wetland
•A habitat for pollinators
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2014, diverted almost 5 million
gallons from storm drains
22. Constructed Wetlands
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Step 1
Rain Water is collected in a cistern
Step 2
Separate and/or dissolve solids from liquids
Step 3
Trickle tanks, add Oxygen
To the Nitrogen to make
Nitrites/Nitrates (NO2 and NO3)
Step 4
Constructed Wetlands Bacteria digest
VOC’s
Step 5
Sand filter bed
cleans Fecal
Step 6
Drip fields release
water back to
water table
23. Some of the plants in our constructed wetlands
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Blue Flag Iris
Cattails
Soft Rush
Pickerelweed
2014 we diverted 1.2 million gallons from sewage
24. Natural Light (Day Lighting)
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We use various methods to control the
natural light that comes into a building.
Light Baffles, reflect solar thermal while
allowing light to enter the building
Light tubes with lenses
More and larger windows facing south
25. Why LED Lights? (what does it cost each year)
Burning 5 hours per day
60 Watt ‘A’ bulb 10 Watt LED
Bulb Cost $2 $8
Lasts 1 Year 50 Years
Cost per year $2 $0.16
Electric cost
per year $21.68 $3.65
Total cost per year $23.68 $3.81
Total cost over 5 years $1,184 $190.50
CO2 per year 106 pounds 18 pounds
CO2 over 50 years 5,300 lbs (2.65 tons) 900 lbs (0.45 tons)
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26. BMS – Building Management System
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In the Building Management System all of the controls
for the lighting and heating systems are integrated and
computer controlled.
The lights dim to provide the same candle power at all
times. On cloudy days the lights are brighter to make up
for the lack of natural light.
The temperature in the heating loops is adjusted
according to the outside temperature.
27. Transportation
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• For use by staff in the core
• Charges takes 8 hours and has a range of
about 25 miles.
• 2014, 34,900 miles
• Saved 26 tons of CO2
• When possible supplies come from within
500 miles to reduce the carbon foot print.
28. What’s Next
Battery Storage (Solar Array)
Fuel Cells
Vehicle Charging Stations (for Staff and Visitors)
Carbon Footprint Study
Measuring value of ecosystem services
Bikeway from Raritan to Duke Farms (through the North Gate)
Sustainable AgroEcology
More Programs – Professional Training and Public Education
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29. What can you do at home?
The Three R’s
Reclaimed Materials
Insulation
Divert Waste
Compost
Rain Barrels
Porous Pavers
Conserve Water
Solar Thermal
Solar Voltaic
Transportation
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