COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND CITIZENSHIPS

3. ISN’T EVERYONE A
PART OF EVERYONE
ELSE?
- BUDD SCHULBERG

4. SOLIDARITY
• IT IS A UNITY OF AGREEMENT OF FEELING OR ACTION,
ESPECIALLY AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH A COMMON
INTEREST; MUTUAL SUPPORT WTHIN A GROUP.
• A BOND OF UNITY BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS, UNIFIED
AROUND A COMMON GOAL PRINCIPLE THAT DEFINES THE
LABOR MOVEMENT.

5. WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY TOGETHER?
• EMILE DURKHEIM, DURING HIS LIFETIME, WAS THINKING
ABOUT THE QUESTION OF HOW SOCIETY IS HELD TOGETHER.
• SOCIOLOGISTS EARLIER THAT DURKHEIM HAD REALIZED
THAT THERE HAD TO BE SOMETHING THAT HOLDS SOCIETY
TOGETHER. DURKHEIM WAS THE FIRST TO STUDY THIS
PHENOMENON CAREFULLY.
• DURKHEIM ARGUES THAT THERE WERE TWO DIFFERENT
KINDS OF SOLIDARITY AMONG PEOPLE IN SOCIETY.

6. • HE IDENTIFIES THE FIRST TYPE AS SOMETHING THAT
APPEARS IN MORE TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES. PEOPLE BELONG
TO THESE SOCIETIES ARE OF THE SAME ETHNIC GROUP, THE
SAME RELIGION, AND THE SAME CULTURE. SINCE THEY ARE
ALL SIMILAR TO ONE ANOTHER, THAT SIMILARITY HOLDS
THEM TOGETHER AS A SOCIETY, DURKHEIM CONTINUES.

7. MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY
• SOCIAL COHESION AND INTEGRATION COME FROM THE
HOMOGENEITY OF INDIVIDUALS.
• PEOPLE IN CERTAIN COMMUNITIES FEEL CONNECTED WITH
EACH OTHER THROUGH SIMILAR WORK, EDUCATIONAL AND
RELIGIOUS TRAINING, AND LIFESTYLE, WHICH IS OFTEN
BASED ON THE KINSHIP TIES OF FAMILIAL NETWORKS.

8. ORGANIC SOLIDARITY
• THIS TERM MEANS THAT PEOPLE NEED EACH OTHER IN AN
ECONOMIC SENSE, SO THEY HOLD TOGETHER.
• WE DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER TO KEEP OUR ECONOMY
FUNCTIONING, AND THIS BINDS US TOGETHER EVEN
THOUGH WE DO NOT HOLD THE SAME VALUES OR BELIEFS.

9. MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY IS FOUND
IN LESS STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX
SOCIETIES WHILE ORGANIC
SOLIDARITY EMERGE IN
IDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETIES.

10. ITS ORIGIN
• SOME SOCIOLOGISTS WOULD ATTRIBUTE ITS ORIGIN AS A WORD
IMPORTED FROM THE 19TH CENTURY FRANCE, WITH A TRACE,
PRESUMABLY OF LIBERTE, EGALITE, AND FRATERNITE, HENCE, A
PRODUCT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD.
• GIVEN THE EMPIRICIST AND PRAGMATIC MINDSET WHICH THE WEST
RECEIVED IN BRITISH CULTURE.
• FROM PROTESTANTISM- GIVING PRIORITY TO THE INDIVIDUAL
RATHER THAN THE COLLECTIVE, TO PRIVATE RATHER THAN TO
PUBLIC, TO AUTONOMY RATHER THAN COMMUNITY- IT IS NOT
SURPRISING THAT THE WORD AND CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ARE
NOT MORE DEEPLY EMBEDDED IN OUR CULTURE AND LANGUAGE.

11. ITS ORIGIN
• DURING THE 80’s, THE WORD SOLIDARITY IS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT CO- FOUNDED WITH
LECH WALESA. HE WON THE NOBLE PEACE PRIZE IN 1983
AND SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF POLAND FROM 19990-1995.
• A QUICK CHECK THE WORD SOLIDARITY EXISTS IN THE
CATHOLIC CHURCH’S DOCUMENTS OVER THE SAPAN OF THE
LAST 50 YEARS, ONE COULD FIND IT HARD TO LOCATE EVEN
A SINGLE ENTRY PRIOR TO THE PUBLICATION OF
POPULORUM PROGRESSIO ( ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PEOPLES, 1967 ) BY POPE PAUL VI ( 1897- 1978, BECAME
POPE IN 1963 ).

12. ITS ORIGIN
• THE ENCYCLICAL POPULORUM PROGRESSIO STATES THAT “
THERE CAN BE NO PROGRESS TOWARD THE COMPLETE
DEVELOPMENT OF ALL HUMANITY IN THE SPIRIT OF
SOLIDARITY...”
• ACCORDING TO THE ETYMOLOGY, AN ENCYCLICAL ( FROM
THE GREEK EGKYKLIOS, KYKLOS MEANING A CIRCLE ) IS
NOTHING MORE THAN A CIRCULAR LETTER.

13. LIST OF ENCYCLICAL
• RERUM NOVARUM

14. LIST OF ENCYCLICAL
• GAUDIUM ET SPES (CHURCH IN THE MODERN WORLD,
VATICAN COUNCIL II, 1965)
• OCTOGESIMA ADVENIENS (A CALL TO ACTION, BY POPE PAUL
VI, 1971)
• JUSTICIA IN MUNDO (JUSTICE IN THE WORLD, SYNOD OF
BISHOPS, 1971)
• DEUS CARITAS EST (GOD IS LOVE, BY POPE BENEDICT XVI,
2005)

15. HOW DO WE CONNECT OUR
FAITH WITH EVERYDAY LIFE?
HOW DOES OUR FAITH HELP
US TO BUILD A BETTER
WOLD?

16. PRINCIPLES FOUND IN THE CATHOLIC
SOCIAL TEACHING
1. DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON: EVERY HUMN PERSON IS
ENDOWED OF INFINITY DIGNITY. ALL EFFORTS COMING FROM THE
DIFFERENT SECTORS OF SOCIETY MUST BE DIRECTED TOWARDS
THE WELL- BEING OF A HUMAN PERSON.
2. ASSOCIATION: A HUMAN PERSON, AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY,
IS MEANT TO BE IN A COMMUNITY AND HAVE A RIGHT TO FREELY
ASSOCIATE WITH ONE ANOTHER TO ACHIVE THE COMMON
GOOD.

17. 3. PARTICIPATION: ALL PERSONS HAVE RIGHT AND DUTY TO
TAKE ACTION ON MATTERS THAT WOULD AFFECT THEIR WELL-
BEING AND FUTURE.
4. SUBSIDIARITY: BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT PEOPLE CAN
DEVELOP AND FLOURISH, NO HIGHER- LEVEL BODY SHOULD
TAKE OVER WHAT A LOWER- LEVEL BODY CAN DO FOR ITSELF.
5. COMMON GOOD: THE CALL FOR ALL OF US IS TO SEEK
WHAT US GOOD FOR THE BROADER COMMUNITY, THAT IS,
THE GOOD OF ALL OVER MY INTEREST.

18. 6. THE UNIVERSAL DESTINANTION OF GOODS: GOD
CREATED THE WORLD SO THAT ITS RESOURCES ARE ENJOYED
BY EVERYONE, NOT JUST BY A FEW “ SMAART” INDIVIDUALS.
UNDER THIS PRINCIPLE IS THE TEACHING ON THE
PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR YHE POOR AND TO CARE FOR
THOSE WHO ARE MOST VULNERABLE AMONG US.
7. SOLIDARITY: AS MEMBERS OF THE HUMAN RACE, WE ARE
ALL DEEPLY CONNECTED ONE ANOTHER. WE ARE CALLED TO
SATAND TOGETHER AS ONE HUMAN FAMILY. TRULY, “ WE ARE
THE WORLD”
8. THE DIGNITY OF HUMAN WORK: WE HOLD THAT WORK IS
DIGNIFIED, AND AN INTRINSIC RIGHT, AND WORKERS MUST
AALWAYS BE RESPECTED AND VALUED.

19. 9. THE DIGNITY OF CREATION: RESPECT FOR HUAMN LIFE
MEANS RESPECTING THE WHOLE OF GOD’S CREATION. THE
WORLD IS A HOLY GROUND (EXODUS 3:5), THIS IS THE PLACE
WHERE A MAN CAN RELATE WITH GOD. AS HIS STEWARDS, HE
CALLS US TO BRING THE WORLD TOWARDS SALVATION.
10. PROMOTION OF PEACE: WE HAVE THE DUTY TO WORK FOR
GENUINE AND LASTING PEACE. CHRISTIANS AND CHURCHES
ARE ENTRUSTED WITH THE MINISTRY OF PEACE AND
RECONCILIATION. THIS MINISTRY CALLS FOR ECUMENICAL
ENGAGEMENT BY THE CHURCHES IN LIGHT OF INTERPERSONAL,
ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, MILITARY AND OTHER FORMS OF
VIOLENCE IN SOCIETY, IN FAMILIES AND EVEN IN THE CHURCH.

20. THE FILIPINO VALUE OF PAKIKISAMA
• IN ITS SIMPLEST FORM, PAKIKISAMA MEANS GETTING ALONG
WITH OTHERS.
• IT CAME FROM THE ROOT WORD “SAMA”, MEANING “TO GO
WITH”
• THE FILIPINO WORD “KASAMA” MEANS A COMPANION OR
TOGETHER.
• PAKIKISAMA MEANS “GETTING ALONG WITH OTHERS”
“GETTING ALONG WELL WITH OTHERS”
“ PAKI” TAGALOG AFFIX FOR “PLEASE”

21. PAKIKISAMA
• IS THE OPPOSITE OF INDIVIDUALISM AS TAUGHT BY
THE CYNICS.
• CYNICS “ THE GOOD OF MAN CONSISTS MERELY IN
LIVING IN A SOCIETY WITH ONESELF”.

22. CLASS SHARING
• RELATING WITH OUR DISCUSSION ON SOLIDARITY, SHARE
YOUR IDEA IN CLASS WITH THE FILIPINO VALUES OF
PAKIKISAMA, PAKIKI-ISA, PAKIKIPAG- KAPWA, BAYANIHAN
AND PAKIKIRAMAY.