Agricultural Sustainability in Eastern States through Groundnut Way!

1. GroundnutGroundnut
A versatile crop grown widely betweenA versatile crop grown widely between
707000
N - 70N - 7000
S latitudeS latitude
• It’s an important food legume, globallyIt’s an important food legume, globally
• Important edible oil crop in IndiaImportant edible oil crop in India
• Crop with unique fodder valueCrop with unique fodder value
• Cakes are widely used as feedCakes are widely used as feed
• Shells are source of fuelShells are source of fuel

2. Major Production Areas
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Maharashtra
(80 % of the total 5.5 m. ha)
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab,
Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand, West
Bengal, etc. (rest 20%)

3. Crop Growing Seasons
• Kharif (Jun-Jul to Oct-Nov): Rainfed
(80% of the area)
• Rabi (Sep-Oct to Feb-Mar): Residual
moisture
• Summer (Dec-Jan to Feb-Mar): Irrigated
• Spring (Feb-Mar to Jun-Jul): Irrigated

4. Season Vs. Productivity
• Kharif (rainfed): 800-1800 kg/ha
• Rabi (residual moisture): 1500-2000 kg/ha
• Summer (irrigated): 2000-3500 kg/ha
• Spring (irrigated): 2000-2500 kg/ha

5. Key Factors to Realize High
Productivity
• Optimum plant stand
• Recommended variety
• Adequate application of P, Ca & S
• Irrigation at pod development & maturity
• Harvest at optimum maturity

6. What is Potential Groundnut Yield?
Israel recorded : 17,000 kg/ha
India recorded : 9,000 kg/ha (PMG-MS)
(against average yield of 1700 kg/ha)
China : 3700 kg/ha
(Considerable yield gaps)

7. Potential Situation - Scope?
Traditional states (rainfed): Little scope
Traditional (irrigated) : Good scope
Non-traditional areas : Vast scope

8. Scope of Groundnut in WB ?
Scenario A
Uplands of Midnapore, Bankura,
Purulia, Birbhum (red lateritic soils)
Where the productivity of Rice is low -
sometimes subsistence

9. Scenario B
• Rice - Rice System
(dispensing second rice)
Justification:
• Higher economic return from Groundnut
• Improving soil health
• Conserving underground water
• Breaking disease/ pest cycle; thereby
reducing use of pesticides

10. Scenario C
Char area of Bhagirathi, Kangsabati,
Subranarekah as Rabi crop
Scenario D
In mono-cropped rice fallow (residual
moisture) - South 24-Pgs
(Mathurapur, Kulpi, Kakdwip, Dimond
harbour, etc.) - should compete with
vegetables

11. Production Technologies
• Situation specific crop production/
protection technologies available
Situation specific variety (Narayani,
TAG 24, Devi, TG 37A, Girnar 3, etc.
• Criss-Cross Sowing
• BBF Planting; PGPR, PSM
• PMG

12. Marketing
• Market demand is exponential to
production potential of the state
• Daily requirement as snack food alone:
• 100 ton pods
• Annually, 36,000 ton against 50,000 tons
total production of state
• Other uses: roasted, fried, boiled, oil,
chikki, etc.

13. The Arithmetic
• Daily 20 lakh commuters passing through
Howrah & Sealdah Divin
• 30% commuters consuming @ 10 g nut
(roasted & salted in sealed pkt.)
• 6 lakh people X 10 g = 60,000 kg nuts / day
i.e. 60 ton nuts/ day; equal to 100 ton pods
• So, monthly requirement: 3,000 ton pods
• Annually: 3,000 X 12 = 36,000 ton pods
72% of the total production of the state

14. Expansion of Production Area &
Diversification of Market
• Introduction of Tiny Oil Mill
• Production of Peanut Butter
• Value addition, product diversification –
and expansion of market
• Fortification of paddy straw using dry
groundnut haulms (avoid burning)
• Eventually, results in employment
generation

15. Economics : Paddy Vs Groundnut
SituationSituation Avg. yieldAvg. yield
(Kg/ha)(Kg/ha)
Cost ofCost of
cultivationcultivation
NetNet
return*return*
Paddy-RainfedPaddy-Rainfed
uplandupland
1100-12001100-1200 3000-35003000-3500 750-850750-850
Paddy-IrrigatedPaddy-Irrigated
med. landmed. land
3000-40003000-4000 5000-60005000-6000 5,500-80005,500-8000
G’nut-RainfedG’nut-Rainfed
KharifKharif
1300-14001300-1400 8000-10,0008000-10,000 11,000-11,000-
11,50011,500
G’nut-IrrigatedG’nut-Irrigated
Summer /RabiSummer /Rabi
2500-30002500-3000 12000-1400012000-14000 25,500-25,500-
31,00031,000
Market price (Paddy): Rs. 350-450/Q; (G’nut): Rs. 1500-1600/ Q
(* Considering min. yield & min. price)

16. View of Rabi Groundnut in Rice Fallow at EgraView of Rabi Groundnut in Rice Fallow at Egra
(Purba Medinipur, West Bengal)(Purba Medinipur, West Bengal)

18. THANK YOU