The presentation gives an overview of Genetics for Under-graduate students of Indian Universities. For Practical aspects, students may refer 'Research Techniques in Genetics, Molecular Biology & Biotechnology - HK Garg & Jaya Garg LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany'.

1. Dr.H.K.Garg
Professor
Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College, Bhopal
An Overview of
Genetics
(B.Sc. III Semester, Paper - I)

2. An Overview of Genetics
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

3. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

4. Chromonemeta
Micro-fibrils & Sub-fibrils
Chromatids
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

5. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

6. DNA
The Double
Helix of
DNA can
also be
represented
as simple
linear
strands
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

7. One of these two strands
will act as a template
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

8. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics

9. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Translation
Chain of Amino Acids is called Protein
An Overview of Genetics

10. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Both target DNA and the Vector are cut with a RE
• The Restriction Enzyme leaves sticky ends
• The sticky ends bind both the DNA together
• Ligase seals the DNA
An Overview of Genetics

11. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• DNA is taken up by the Host Cells
• As the Host Cells grow, DNA also grow simultaneously.
An Overview of Genetics

12. Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Therapeutic Cloning is performed to harvest embryonic stem
cells. These cells are found inside the developing embryo and
they can be used to develop tissues & organs.
An Overview of Genetics

13. Hereditary & Variation,
Gene and Genetic Material
Unit - I (1)
Chromosomes - The physical basis of
hereditary and transmitters of hereditary.
TOPIC
CONTENT • Structure of Chromosomes.
• Types of Chromosomes.
• Chemical Composition of Chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

14. Hereditary & Variation,
Gene and Genetic Material
Unit - I (2)
Types of ChromosomesTOPIC
CONTENT
• Lampbrush Chromosomes.
• Salivary Gland or Polytene Chromosomes.
• B or Beta Chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

15. Hereditary & Variation,
Gene and Genetic Material
Unit - I (3)
Nucleocytoplasmic InteractionsTOPIC
CONTENT
• Ultrastructure of Nucleus & Nucleolus.
• Role of Nucleus & Nucleolus in N-C
Interactions.
• Synthesis & Export of RNA, Transport of
Proteins.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

16. Hereditary & Variation,
Gene and Genetic Material
Unit - I (4)
Hereditary& VariationTOPIC
CONTENT
• Mendel’s 3 Laws of Hereditary.
• Kinds of Variations.
• Genetic Basis of Variations.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Sources of Variations, Genotype, Phenotype and
Environmental Variations.

17. Hereditary & Variation,
Gene and Genetic Material
Unit - I (5)
Gene & Genetic Material
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Chemistry of Gene - Nucleic Acids & their
Structure.
• Concept of DNA Replication.
• Nucleosome (Solenoid model).
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Split Genes, Overlapping Genes & Pseudo
Genes.
• Genetic Code.

18. Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Gene Expression & Regulation
Unit - II (1)
Cytoplasmic Inheritance
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Shell coiling in Limnea.
• CO2 Sensitivity in Drosophila.
• Kappa particles in Paramecium.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

19. Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Gene Expression & Regulation
Unit - II (2)
Gene ExpressionTOPIC
CONTENT
• Protein Synthesis - I.
• Transcription in Prokaryotes.
• Transcription in Eukaryotes.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

20. Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Gene Expression & Regulation
Unit - II (3)
Gene ExpressionTOPIC
CONTENT
• Protein Synthesis - II.
• Translation in Prokaryotes.
• Translation in Eukaryotes.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

21. Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Gene Expression & Regulation
Unit - II (4)
Gene RegulationTOPIC
CONTENT
• Induction & Repression.
• Inducer & Co-repressor.
• The Operon Model.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

22. Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations
Unit - III (1-2)
Gene Linkage & RecombinationTOPIC
CONTENT
• Theories of Linkage.
• Significance of Linkage.
• Mechanism of Genetic Recombination.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

23. Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations
Unit - III (3)
Sex DeterminationTOPIC
CONTENT
• Sex Chromosome System.
• Sex Differentiation.
• Chromosome Theory of Sex
Determination.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

24. Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations
Unit - III (4)
Sex Linked InheritanceTOPIC
CONTENT
• Haemophilia.
• Colour blindness.
• X-linked & Y-linked Characters.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

25. Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations
Unit - III (5)
Structural Changes in ChromosomesTOPIC
CONTENT
• Deficiency or Deletion.
• Duplication.
• Translocation.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Inversion.

26. Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations
Unit - III (6)
Numerical Changes in ChromosomesTOPIC
CONTENT
• Aneuploidy
Increase or decrease in one or more individual
chromosome(s).
• Polyploidy
Increase or decrease in one or more entire set of
chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

27. Mutation & Applied Genetics
Unit - IV (1-3)
MutationsTOPIC
CONTENT
• Types of Mutation
On the basis of Cell-type, Size, Origin and
Phenotypic Effect.
• Mutagens
Physical - Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiations;
Chemical - Alkylating and Deamination Agents.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

28. Mutation & Applied Genetics
Unit - IV (4)
Gene TherapyTOPIC
CONTENT
• Germ line Gene Therapy
• Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
Augmentation; and
Targeted Gene Transfer.
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

29. Mutation & Applied Genetics
Unit - IV (5)
DNA Finger printing
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Isolation of DNA
• Digestion of DNA with Restriction Enzyme
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Gel Electrophoresis of DNA
• DNA transfer to Nylon Membrane
• Radio-labeling of DNA

30. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (1-2)
Human Chromosomes
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Human Karyotype
• Common Genetic Disorders
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Human Genome Project

31. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (3)
Multiple Factors & Blood Groups
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Antigens & Antibodies
• Blood Group or ABO System
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Rh Factor

32. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (4)
Twins - Physical & Mental Traits
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Fraternal or Dizygotic Twins
• Maternal or Monozygotic Twins
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Siamese Twins

33. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (5)
Recombinant DNA Technology
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Restriction Endonuclease Enzymes
• Vectors, Linkers & Adapters
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Chimeric DNA

34. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (6)
Gene Cloning & Gene Library
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Gene, Genomic & cDNA Libraries
• Construction of Genomic Library
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Gene Isolation, Sequencing and Synthesis.

35. Human Genetics &
Genetic Engineering
Unit - V (7)
PCR & Hybridization Techniques
TOPIC
CONTENT
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Gel Electrophoresis
Dr. H.K. GARG
PROFESSOR OF GENETICS
& MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Southern & Northern Blotting.