The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors have separate CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, and timers, while microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip. Microcontrollers are cheaper and use less power and space than microprocessors, making them better suited for applications where these factors are important. The document also describes different timer modes for microcontrollers, including 13-bit, 16-bit, auto-reload, and non-interrupt modes.

1. 1
Microcontrollers

2. 2
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Microprocessor
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM,
I/O, timer are separate
• designer can decide on the
amount of ROM, RAM and I/O
ports.
• expensive
• versatility
• general-purpose
Microcontroller
• CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer
are all on a single chip
• fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM,
I/O ports
• for applications in which cost,
power and space are critical
• single-purpose

3. TCON-Timer Control SFR

4. TCON-Continued

5. TMOD-Timer Mode Control SFR

6. Timer/Counter Control Logic

7. Timer Modes of Operation
Timer Mode 0
Timer Mode 1
Timer Mode 2
Timer Mode 3
Timer Mode 0:
13 Bit Timer/Counter
THx - 8 bit Register and TLx – 5 bit Register

8. Timer Mode 1:
16 Bit Timer / counter
TMOD = 01b
The Timer Flag would be set in 1311 seconds using a 6 MHz Crystal
Timer Mode 2:
This mode exhibits auto reload feature

9. Timer Mode 3
Timer 1 can still be used but interrupt feature can not be used