Best for basic narration [direct and indirect]

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2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT
There are five types of sentences to
make direct to indirect.
1 Assertive Sentences
2 Interrogative Sentences
3 Imperative Sentences
4 Exclamatory Sentences
5 Optative Sentences

3. ASSERTIVE SENTENCES
Changes in Reporting Verb
Tell Tell
Tells Tells
Say Say
Says Says
Say to Tell
Says to Tells
Saying Saying
Saying to Telling
Said Said
Said to Told

4. CHANGES IN REPORTING SPEECH
There are two types of changes in reporting
speech.
1. Changes in Verb
2. Changes in Pronoun

5. CHANGES IN VERB
There are two types of changes in Verb.
1.Changes in Helping Verb
2.Changes in Main Verb

6. CHANGES IN HELPING VERB
Do not / Does not Did not
Is / am / are Was / were
Has / have Had
Did Had + Verb+3rd form
Was / were Had been
Shall / will Should / would
Can Could
May Might
Might / had / should / could / must / would No change

8. CHANGES IN MAIN VERB
Verb + 1st form Verb + 2nd form
Verb + 2nd form Had+ 3rd form

9. CHANGES IN PRONOUN
SUBJECT OBJECT P. ADJECTIVE P. PRONOUN
1st Person
Singular I Me My Mine
Plural We Us Our Ours
2nd Person
Singular You You Your Yours
Plural You You Your Yours
3rd Person
He Him His His
Singular She Her Her Hers
It It Its
Plural They Them Their Theirs

10. Forms Identity Said & Said to Conjunction
Assertive Sub + Verb + Obj Said & Told That
Interrogative ? Asked If ( H.V.)
Q.W. (if start with
QW)
Imperative Doer is hide
Start with Let
Ordered /advised /requested
Proposed /suggested
To
To (start with let…)
That (start with let
us)
Exclamatory What ! / How !
Alas !
Hurrah !
- Surprise
Exclaimed with – Sorrow
- Joy
That
Optative May ! Prayed
Wished
Cursed
That

11. Direct: He said, “I like the book.”
Indirect: He said that he liked the book.
Direct: He said to me, “Do you like the book?”
Indirect: He asked me if I liked the book.
Direct: Khushi said, “She likes the book.”
Indirect: Khushi said that she liked the book
Direct: Akshraj says, “I am flying a kite.”
Indirect: Akshraj says that he is flying a kite.
Direct: Sushma will say, “I want a glass of milk.”
Indirect: Sushma will say that she wants a glass of
milk.

12. Direct: Ankita said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect: Ankita said that honesty is the best policy.
Direct: Devesh said, “The sun rises in the east.”
Indirect: Devesh said that the sun rises in the east.
Direct: Aman said, “I am an early riser.”
Indirect : Aman said that he is an early riser.
Direct: Sarita said, “God is omnipresent.”
Indirect: Sarita said that God is omnipresent.
Direct: The teacher said, “The First World War
started in 1914.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the First World War
started in 1914.

13. Direct: Ramu said, “I saw a lion in the forest.”
Indirect: Ramu said that he had seen a lion in the forest.
Direct: Sony said to me, “I am very happy here.”
Indirect: Sony told me that she was very happy there.
Direct: He said, “I can do this work.”
Indirect: He said that he could do that work.
Direct: Renu said to me, “I was washing the clothes.”
Indirect: Renu told me that she had been washing the
clothes.
Direct: She said, “I am not well.”
Indirect: She said that she was not well.

14. Direct: He said to Sita, “I have passed the test.”
Indirect: He told Sita that he had passed the test.
Direct: I said to my friend, “He has been working very hard.”
Indirect: I told my friend that he had been working very hard.
Direct: My friend said to me, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.”
Indirect: My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.
Direct: I said, “I agree to what he said.”
Indirect: I said that I agreed to what he had said.

15. Direct: I said to him, “Where are you going?”
Indirect: I asked him where he was going.
Direct: Aditya said to me, “Will you go there?”
Indirect: Aditya asked me if I would go there.
Direct: My friend said to Deepak, “Have you ever
been to Agra?”
Indirect: My friend asked Deepak if he had ever been
to Agra.
Direct: I said to him, “Did you enjoy the movie?”
Indirect: I asked him if he had enjoyed the movie.
Direct: I said to her, “Do you know him?”
Indirect: I asked her if she knew him.

16. Direct: Vinay said to me, “Will you listen to me?”
Indirect: Vinay asked me if I would listen to him.
Direct: I said to him, “When will you go there?”
Indirect: I asked him when he would go there.
Direct: He said to me, “How is your father?”
Indirect: He asked me how my father was.
Direct: I said to him, “Are you happy?”
Indirect: I asked him if he was happy.
Direct: He said to her, “Do you like apples?”
Indirect: He asked her if she liked apples.

17. Direct: She said to me, “Open the window.”
Indirect: She ordered me to open the window.
Direct: The captain said to the soldiers, “Attack the
enemy.”
Indirect: The captain commanded the soldiers to
attack the enemy.
Direct: I said to him, “Leave this place at once.”
Indirect: I told him to leave that place at once.
Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Listen to me
attentively.”
Indirect: The teacher asked the students to listen to
him attentively.

18. Direct: The Principal said to the peon, “Ring the bell.”
Indirect: The Principal ordered the peon to ring the bell.
Direct: The master said to the servant, “Fetch me a glass of
water.”
Indirect: The master ordered the servant to fetch him a glass
of water.
Direct: I said to him, “Please bring me a glass of water.”
Indirect: I requested him to bring me a glass of water.
Direct: I said to my friend, “Please lend me your book.”
Indirect: I requested my friend to lend me his book.

19. Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He suggested to me that we should go home.
Direct: Ram said to Mohan, “Let him do it.”
Indirect: Ram ordered Mohan to let him do that.
Direct: Mahesh said, “Sir, may I go home?”
Indirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go
home.
Direct: He said, “Can you dance?” And I said, “No.”
Indirect: He asked me if I could dance and I replied that I
couldn’t.
Direct: My mother said, “Will you come home on time?” And
I said, “Yes.”
Indirect: My mother asked me if I would come home on time
and I replied that I would.

20. Direct : She said to me, “You didn’t break the
window, did you?”
Indirect: She asked me if/whether I had broken the
window.
Direct : He said to Geeta, “You are going to the
station, aren’t you?”
Indirect: He asked Geeta if/ whether she was going
to the station.
Direct: Khushi said, “I have to work a lot.”
Indirect: Khushi said that she had to work a lot.
Direct : Abhijeet said, “I had to work a lot.”
Indirect: Abhijeet said that he had had to work a lot.

21. Direct: Rohan said, “Hurrah! We won the match.”
Indirect: Rohan exclaimed with joy that they had won
the match.
Direct: Reema said, “Alas! Karina’s mother is
suffering from cancer.”
Indirect: Reema exclaimed with sorrow that Karina’s
mother was suffering from cancer.
Direct: The captain said to Kapil, “Bravo! You scored
89 runs.”
Indirect: The captain exclaimed with praise that he
(Kapil) had scored 89 runs.

22. Direct: My mother said, “May God bless you!”
Indirect: My mother prayed to God for my
well being.
Direct: She said, “May God save the country!”
Indirect: She prayed to God to save the
country.
Direct: They said to the king, “Long live!”
Indirect: They blessed the king for his long
life.

23. Direct: Mohan said, “What a pity!”
Indirect: Mohan exclaimed that it was a great pity.
Direct: I said, “How stupid he is!”
Indirect : I exclaimed that it was a very stupid of him.
Direct : “What a terrible sight it is!” said the traveller.
Indirect: The traveller exclaimed that it was a very
terrible sight.
All the sentences in inverted commas are
exclamatory sentences.

24. Direct: He said, “I will do it now.”
Indirect: He said that he would do it then.
Direct: He says, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect: He says that honesty is the best policy.
Direct: Ramesh says, “I have written a letter.”
Indirect: Ramesh says that he has written a letter.
Direct: She said, “Mahesh will be reading a book.”
Indirect: She said that Mahesh would be reading a
book.
Direct: She said, “Where is your father?”
Indirect: She inquired where his/her father was.

25. Direct: Kartike said to me, “Please take your book.”
Indirect: Kartike requested me to take my book.
Direct: The Principal said to the peon, “Let this boy go out.”
Indirect: The Principal ordered the peon to let that boy go
out.
Direct: The begger said to Aditya, “May you live long!”
Indirect: The begger prayed that he(aditya) might live long.
Direct: She said, “Goodbye friends!”
Indirect: She bade goodbye to her friends.
Direct: The student said, “Alas! I wasted my time last year.”
Indirect: The student regretted that he had wasted his time
the previous year