2. GREEKARCHITECTURE
🠶 produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people)
whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland,
the Peloponnese, theAegean Islands, and in colonies
in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until
the 1st centuryAD.
🠶 Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples,
many of which are found throughout the region, mostly as
ruins but many substantially intact.
🠶 Created equilibrate and proportional works.
🠶 Greeks are credited with originating the three orders of the
classical language of architecture, Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian.
3. HISTORY
🠶 Greek civilization is the first major civilization in
Europe
🠶 The period of ancient Greek history can be divided
into four as follows:
🠶 1100 B. C. – 750 B. C. Greek Dark Ages
🠶 750 B. C. – 500 B. C. Archaic Period
🠶 5000 B. C. – 323 B. C. Classical Period
🠶 323 B. C. – 147 B. C. Hellenistic Period
4. ARCHAIC PERIOD
(750 B.C. - 500 B.C.)
🠶 The revival of Greece from the dark ages
started during the eight century BC
🠶 The Greeks developed a new political form
called city states(POLIS)- ruled as
independent nations
🠶 The archaic period saw the renewal interest in
overseas trading contact
🠶 The archaic period marked the rise of the
aristocratic families; families that are
considered noble or of higher status
🠶 Such tyrants stimulated the development of
the arts through their patronage
5. CLASSICAL PERIOD
(500 - 323 BC)
🠶 It is the period of democracy
🠶 Every art manifestation reached its
zenith
🠶 it is the period of political, economic
and cultural expansion of the polis
6. HELLENISTIC PERIOD
(323 - 147 BC)
🠶 The period saw the transplanting of
Greek art, civic life and culture to
newly conquered areas
🠶 The period also saw a marked
increase in interest in civic buildings
🠶 The Hellenistic period ended in 147
BC, when the Roman Empire
conquered Greece and incorporated
the city states into it
7. HELLENISTIC PERIOD
(323 - 147 BC)
🠶 The period also saw a marked
increase in interest in civic buildings
🠶 The Hellenistic period ended in 147
BC, when the Roman Empire
conquered Greece and incorporated
the city states into it
8. RELIGION
➢ Ancient Greek theology was polytheistic, based on
the assumption that there were many gods and
goddesses.
• ZEUS – King of Gods, Sky-God
• POSEIDON – God of Sea and Earthquake
• HADES – God of Death, Underworld
• HELIOS – God of Sun
• APHRODITE – God of Love, Beauty, Pleasure
➢ The Greeks believed in an underworld where the
spirits of the dead went after death.
9. THE ORDERS
➢Refer to the entire set of form that makes up
the principal elevation of a temple.
• Base
• Upright column or support
with its capital
• Horizontal entablature
10. THE ORDERS
➢Columns were understood by the Greeks to
be anthropomorphic or representative of the
body of a human
➢The base suggests the feet, the shaft the
torso and the capital the head.
➢Each order had its own conventions about
the design of the entablature and divided into
3 sections:
• CORNICE
• FRIEZE
• ARCHITRAVE
11. DORIC ORDER
➢ Represents the proportions of a man’s
body, its strength and beauty.
➢ Made up of three elements
• Stylobate - a podium raised three
steps on which the temple sits
• Column
• Entablature
➢A square capital
➢ Had a height of between 5 and 6
times its diameter
➢ Shaft is usually divided into 20 shallow flutes.
12. DORIC ORDER
➢ A characteristic of the Doric
order is the use of entasis
Entasis - refers to the practice
of optical correction in Greek Doric
temples
➢The best example of the application
of entasis is found in the Parthenon
13. IONIC ORDER
➢ The Ionic column is said to represent
the shape of a women with its
delicacy and feminine slenderness.
➢The Ionic order evolved and its
name from Ionia in modern
day Turkey
➢ The ionic column including the
capital and base had a height of 9
to 10 times its diameter
➢ It had 24 flutes
➢ The Ionic order had a capital dev
eloped from a pair of volute about
two-thirds the diameter of the
column in height
14. IONIC ORDER
➢ At the corner of rectangular buildings,
an angular volute had to be used.
➢One of the limitations of the Ionic order is
that it is designed to be seen
from the front only
15. CORINTHIAN ORDER
➢The Corinthian column, the most
beautifully ornate of the three orders
represents the figure of a maiden
➢The Corinthian order takes its name from
the city of Corinth in Greece
➢It however appeared to have been
developed in Athens in the 5th century BC
➢ This order is similar in its proportions to
the Ionic order but has a different capital
16. CORINTHIAN ORDER
➢The core of the capital is shaped like an
inverted bell.
➢The bell-like capital is decorated with
rows of carved acanthus leaves
➢Because of its symmetry, the Corinthian
capital unlike the ionic capital is designed
to be seen from all directions
17.
18. ARCHITECTURE:
BASIS
🠶 It is an architecture to be seen (temple)
▪ Sculptural values, volumes
▪ Building is conceived as an sculpture
🠶 Beauty= Proportion and Measure
▪ conceived from the human point of view
▪ is anti-colossal
🠶 Temple is the essential building, residence of god, not a
place for people
19. BUILDING
SYSTEM
🠶 Dominant lines are horizontal and vertical
🠶 The column is the essential element
🠶 Walls are made of regular ashlars
🠶 Buildings were polychrome
🠶 Building materials were limestone and white
marble
21. STRUCTURE
- Rectangular Plans
- Longitudinal Axes
- Circular Plan
Internal Distribution
-PRONAOS: Open Entrance
- NAOS or CELLA: Chapel for God’s image
-OPISTODOMOS: Room for holding the
treasure of the temple
31. 🠶 PROPYLEA- ORPORCH WAS A
MONUMENTAL ENTRANCE
TO A TEMENOS OR HOLY AREA
🠶AGORA- commercial center of the city
🠶 PALESTRA OR GYMNASIUM- the
centre for male citizens
🠶THEATRE- was used for meeting and
dramatic performances
🠶 STOA- A long narrow hall with an open
colonnade that was used as exhibition room
social
🠶 ODEON- Small theatre
