A brief presentation on Centrifugal governor

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Don Bosco College of Engineering and Technology, ADBU
1Friday, January 18, 2019
Dipjyoti Deka- DC2015BTE0167
Presented By
Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
A Presentation
on

2. Contents
Friday, January 18, 2019 2Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
1) Introduction
2) Types of Governors
3) Classification of Centrifugal governor
4) What is a Centrifugal Governor ?
5) How Does Centrifugal governor Work ?
6) Causes of load on a centrifugal governor
7) Applications of centrifugal governor
8) Watt governor
9) Porter Governor
10) Proell Governor
11) Hartnell Governor
12) Hurtung Governor
13)Wilson-Hartnell Governor
14) Pickering Governor
15) Conclusion
16) References

3. The function of governor is to regulate the speed of an engine when there are variation in the load.
For Eg. When the load on an engine increases, its speed decreases, therefore it is necessary to increase
the supply of working fluid & vice-versa. Thus, Governor automatically controls the speed under varying
load.
Introduction
Friday, January 18, 2019 3Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
 A Governor is a mechanical device used to govern the speed of machines like engines. From small
engines to tractors to standby power systems even in automobiles are enabled with governors to regulate
their speed.
 It allows the engine to run at the required speed, without any effect of changing the load. With the
continuous change of load, the configuration of governor varies that helps to control the supply of fuel
required by the engine.

4. The governors may broadly be classified as-
1)Centrifugal governors
2)Inertia governors
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Types of Governors

5. A centrifugal governor is a specific type of
governor that controls the speed of an
engine by regulating the amount of fuel
admitted, so as to maintain a near
constant speed whatever the load or fuel
supply conditions. It uses the principle of
proportional control.
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What is a Centrifugal Governor ?
Fig. No-1

6.  The shaft spins causing the weighted balls to
spin.
 As the balls spin faster, they are forced
outwards.
 As the balls move outward, they get more and
more horizontal, which causes the loaded arms
to compress.
 This compression causes the set arm to rotate
about it’s pivot counter-clockwise.
 From this motion, a final arm, which is
attached to a gas valve is lifted.
 Thereby closing the gas valve accordingly.
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How Does Centrifugal governor Work?
Animation. No-1

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Causes of load on a centrifugal governor
Mean speed
is restored
Increase the fuel supply
by opening the throttle
valve by governor action
Speed
decreases
Load
increase
Mean speed
is restored
Decrease the fuel supply
by closing the throttle
valve by governor action
Speed
increases
Load
decrease

8.  When an engine begins moving too fast, it tends to keep the engine at a constant speed.
 Automobiles to restrict/maintain engine RPM, total speed
1. - Governors protect engine from excessive rotational speed
2. - used in some high performance cars to limit vehicle speed
 Used in a spring-loaded record player, and telephone dials to limit the speed
 Governors are used in power plants to control the
flow of working fluids.
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Applications of centrifugal governor

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Classification of Centrifugal governor

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Watt Governors:
Pendulum Type Watt governor
Fig. No-2
Balls are arranged on the two arms and the upper arm is
connected to the spindle and lower arm is connected to
the sleeve. Watt governor is used in the steam engine
which was invented by James watt.
With the help of the output shaft the spindle is
driven.
Application
A car’s speed governor, or speed limiter, is a device that sets and limits a car’s top speed. When a car that is
fitted with a speed governor reaches a preset top speed, the device begins to curtail combustion and limits the
supply of fuel and air to the engine.

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The load moves up and down on the central spindle. This
additional downward force increases the speed of
revolution which is required to enable the balls to move to
any pre determined level.
The Porter governor is a modification of a Watt's
governor, with central load attached to the sleeve as
shown in Fig.
Loaded type Dead Weight governor Porter Governor
Fig. No-3

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The Proell governor has the balls fixed at B and C to the
extension of the links DF and EG as shown in Fig. The
arms FP and GQ are pivoted at P and Q respectively.
By this change, it requires fly ball of
less mass for same action.
The central load moves up and down on the central
spindle. This additional downward force increases the
speed of revolution which is required to enable the balls
to move to any pre determined level.
Loaded type Dead Weight governor Proell Governor
Fig. No-4

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A helical compressive spring provides equal downward
forces on the two rollers through a collar on the sleeve.
It serves the purpose like dead weight load. The spring
force may be adjusted by screwing a nut up or down on
the sleeve.
It consists of two bell crank levers pivoted at the points
0,0 to the frame. The frame is attached to the governor
spindle and therefore rotates with it. Each lever carries a
ball at the end of the vertical arm OB and a roller at the
end of the horizontal arm OR.
A Hartnell governor is a spring loaded governor as shown
in Fig.
Loaded type Spring Control governor Hartnell Governor
Fig. No-5

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Here vertical arms of bell crank lever is attached with spring
ball which compress against the frame of governor.
This additional force against the centrifugal force increases the
speed of revolution which is required to enable the balls to
move to any pre determined level.
Loaded type Spring Control governor Hartung Governor
Fig. No-6
Application-the springs in the spring control governors are used
to counteract the centrifugal force may be placed upon the axis
of rotation which may be inclined as intended.

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In Wilson Hatnell governor balls are connected by a spring
in tension.
An auxiliary spring is attached to the sleeve mechanism
through a lever by means of which the equilibrium speed
for a given radius may be adjusted.
The main spring may be considered of two equal parts each
belonging to both the balls.
Loaded type Spring Control governor Wilson-Hartnell Governor
Fig. No-7

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Each spring carries a weight at the center. The weights
move outwards and the springs bend as they rotate about
the spindle axis with increasing speed.
A Pickering governor is mostly used for driving
gramophone. It consists of three straight leaf springs
arranged at equal angular intervals round the spindle.
Loaded type Spring Control governor Pickering Governor
Fig. No-8 Fig. No-9

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Conclusion
Through this presentation, we have learnt about the centrifugal governor, it’s various types, it’s
working and applications, which are used in various industrial, automobile and other commercial
units in various areas.

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References
Internet websites
Wikipedia
NPTEL
Calvin.edu
Mechanicalksk.com
E-Book
Mechanical Governer by Kandarp Joshi
Centrifugal Governor by J.M Ryan
Book
Theory of machines by R.S Khurmi
Theory of machines by V.P singh
Theory of machines by SS Ratan

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