This document provides an overview of natural vegetation and wildlife in India through a PowerPoint presentation. It discusses the different types of natural vegetation found in India based on climate and elevation, including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, mangrove forests, and grasslands. It also describes the important plant and animal species found within each vegetation type. The presentation emphasizes the relationship between climate, vegetation, and wildlife biodiversity in India.

1. NATURAL VEGETATION AND
WILDLIFE
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION
FOR CLASS IX
PREPARED BY
RENUKA.J
PGT(GEOGRAPHY)
JNV,B(U)

2. NATURAL VEGETATION AND
WILDLIFE

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE NAVODAYA
VIDYALAYA SAMITI FOR GIVING ME AN
OPPORTUNITY TO PREPARE THIS
PRESENTATION. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO
THANK THE PRINCIPAL AND STAFF OF THIS
SCHOOL FOR THE COOPERATION RENDERED
TO ME IN THIS REGARD. MY SPECIAL THANKS
ARE ALSO TO THE VARIOUS WEBSITES LIKE
www.google.com, www.wikipedia.com,
www.teachersforum.com FOR COLLECTING
VARIOUS INFORMATION AND IMAGES THAT IS
BEING USED IN THIS PRESENTATION.

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• UNDERSTAND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CLIMAT
E AND VEGETATION
• UNDERSTAND HOW THE CHANGE IN ENVIRONMENT
AFFECTS THE NATURAL EXISTENCE OF WILDLIFE.
• KNOW THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL VEGETATION
FOR HUMAN EXISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
• ANALYSE HOW HUMAN LIFE WILL BE WITHOUT NATU
RAL VEGETATION.
• REALISE THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL HABITAT AN
D THE LIVING ORGANISMS AND HARMFUL IMPACT OF
HUMAN INTERFERENCE.
• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN VARIOUS TYPES OF VEGE
TATION.
• APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE THEY HAVE ACQUIRED TO
CONSERVE THE NATURAL HERITAGE OF OUR COUNT
RY.

5. NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIF
E
• OBSERVE THE LOCALITY AROUND YOU AND
LIST OUT THE LIVING THINGS FOUND THER
E.
• COMPARE THEM WITH THE LIVING THINGS
FOUND AROUND THE SCHOOL IN WHICH YO
U ARE STUDYING AND LIST OUT THE SIMILA
RITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG THEM.
• IF DIFFERENCES EXIST AMONG THE LIVING
THINGS IN A SMALL AREA, WHAT WOULD BE
THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THEM IN A LAR
GE COUNTRY LIKE INDIA?

6. BIO-DIVERSITY IN INDIA
• INDIA IS ONE AMONG THE TWELVE MEGA BIO-DI
VERSITY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
• IN PLANT DIVERSITY, INDIA OCCUPIES THE 10th P
LACE IN THE WORLD AND 4th IN ASIA WITH ABOU
T 47,000 PLANT SPECIES.
• WITH 15,000 FLOWERING PLANTS, INDIA ACCOUN
TS FOR 6% OF WORLD'S TOTAL FLOWERING PLA
NTS.
• INDIA HAS 89,000 SPECIES OF ANIMALS AS WELL
AS A RICH VARIETY OF FISH IN ITS FRESH AND M
ARINE WATERS.
• IT HAS ALSO MANY NON-FLOWERING PLANTS SU
CH AS FERNS, ALGAE AND FUNGI.

7. LOOK AT THE PICTURES GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING SLIDES
AND IDENTIFY WHICH OF THEM HAVE GROWN WITH HUMAN
AID .
B
A
C
D

8. E
F
G H

9. NATURAL VEGETATION REFERS TO A PLANT
COMMUNITY WHICH HAS GROWN NATURALLY
WITHOUT HUMAN AID AND HAS BEEN LEFT
UNDISTURBED BY HUMANS FOR A LONG TIME.
THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS VIRGIN VEGETATION.
CULTIVATED CROPS AND FRUITS,ORCHARDS
FORM PART OF VEGETATION BUT NOT
NATURAL VEGETATION.

10. TYPES OF VIRGIN VEGETATION
1. THE VIRGIN VEGETATION, WHICH
ARE PURELY INDIAN ARE KNOWN AS
ENDEMIC OR INDIGENOUS SPECIES.
2. THE VIRGIN VEGETATION, WHICH
HAS COME FROM OUTSIDE INDIA AR
E TERMED AS EXOTIC PLANTS.

11. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FLORA AND
FAUNA?
• THE TERM FLORA IS USED TO DENOT
E PLANTS OF A PARTICULAR REGION
OR PERIOD.
• THE TERM FAUNA REFERS TO DENOT
E ANIMALS OF A PARTICULAR REGION
OR PERIOD.

12. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY IN FLORA
AND FAUNA
PLATEAU
MOUNTAIN
PLAIN
OBSERVE THE THREE DIFFERENT
LAND FORMS GIVEN AND FIND OUT
THE DIFFERENCES IN THE
VEGETATION.

13. •RELIEF:
a) LAND-
LAND AFFECTS THE NATURAL VEGETATION
DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY.THE NATURE OF
LAND AFFECTS THE TYPE OF VEGETATION. FOR
EXAMPLE, FERTILE LAND IS USED FOR
CULTIVATION AND IN UNDULATING AREAS WE
HAVE THE PRESENCE OF FORESTS.

14. VEGETATION IN SANDY
SOIL
VEGETATION IN ALLUVIAL
SOIL
GIVEN ABOVE ARE THE TYPES OF VEGETATION IN TWO
DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES. WHAT CAN YOU UNDERSTAND FROM
THIS?
WE COME TO KNOW THAT WHEN THE SOIL TYPE CHANGES,
THE VEGETATION ALSO WILL CHANGE CORRESPONDINGLY.
EXAMPLE: SANDY SOIL SUPPORTS CACTUS AND THORNY
BUSHES WHILE DELTAIC SOIL SUPPORTS MANGROVES.
b) SOIL

15. CLIMATE
• TEMPERATURE:
THE CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF VEGETATION AR
E MAINLY DETERMINED BY TEMPERATURE ALON
G WITH:
a) HUMIDITY
b) PRECIPITATION
c) SOIL
EXAMPLE:
DUE TO VARIATIONS IN ALTITUDE IN HIMALAYAN M
OUNTAIN SYSTEM, THE TEMPERATURE AND CLI
MATIC CONDITIONS VARY AND SO WE HAVE DIFF
ERENT TYPES OF VEGETATION LIKE- TROPICAL,
SUBTROPICAL TEMPERATE AND ALPINE.

16. • PHOTOPERIOD(SUNLIGHT):
DO IT YOURSELF
GROW A PLANT IN A DIMLY LIT ROOM.
GROW ANOTHER PLANT IN SUNLIGHT.
OBSERVE THE GROWTH OF BOTH THE PLANTS.
WHICH PLANT GROWTH IS FASTER? WHY?
THE VARIATION IN DURATION OF SUNLIGHT AT DIFF
ERENT PLACES IS DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN-
1. LATITUDE
2. ALTITUDE
3. SEASON
4. DURATION OF THE DAY
FIND OUT WHY TREES GROW FASTER IN SUMMER?

17. PRECIPITATION
• THINK THAT 'A' IS A REGION HAVING DAILY
RAINFALL AND 'B' IS ANOTHER REGION HAV
ING SCANTY RAINFALL. OBSERVE BOTH TH
E REGIONS AND FIND OUT THE DIFFERENC
ES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETATI
ON FOUND IN BOTH OF THEM.
• AREAS OF HEAVY RAINFALL HAVE MORE D
ENSE VEGETATION AS COMPARED TO OTH
ER AREAS OF LESS RAINFALL.

18. USES OF FORESTS
THE FORESTS-
1. MODIFY LOCAL CLIMATE.
2. CONTROLS SOIL EROSION.
3. REGULATE STREAM FLOW.
4. SUPPORT A VARIETY OF INDUSTRIES.
5. PROVIDE LIVELIHOOD FOR MANY
COMMUNITIES.
6. OFFER SCENIC VIEW FOR RECREATION.
7. CONTROLS WIND FORCE,
TEMPERATURE AND CAUSES RAINFALL.
8. PROVIDES HUMUS TO THE SOIL.
9. PROVIDES SHELTER TO THE WILDLIFE.

19. INDIA'S NATURAL VEGETATION HAS UNDERGON
E MANY CHANGES DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS
LIKE-
1. GROWING DEMAND FOR CULTIVATED LAND.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND MINING.
3. URBANISATION
4. OVERGRAZING OF PASTURES.
FIND OUT WHY ONLY IN THE HIMALAYAS,THE HI
LLY REGIONS OF CENTRAL INDIA AND THE 'MAR
USTHALI' NATURAL VEGETATION IS FOUND?
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN INDIA'S NATU
RAL VEGETATION

20. ECOSYSTEM
ALL THE PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN AN AREA ARE
INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED TO EACH
OTHER IN THEIR PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, THUS
FORMING AN ECOSYSTEM. HUMAN BEINGS ARE
ALSO AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE ECOSYSTEM.

21. HOW DO THE HUMANBEINGS
INFLUENCE THE ECOLOGY OF A
REGION?
THIS IS DONE BY UTILISING THE
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE.
HOW DOES THE GREED OF THE
HUMAN BEINGS DAMAGE THE
ECOSYSTEM?

22. BIOME
GRASS LAND
DESERT VEGETATION
EQUATORIAL FOREST
LOOK AT THESE PICTURES AND DETERMINE
WHETHER THESE ARE EXAMPLES FOR
DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS.
A LARGE ECOSYSTEM ON LAND HAVING
DISTINCT TYPES OF VEGETATION AND ANIMAL
LIFE IS CALLED A BIOME.
BIOMES ARE IDENTIFIED ON THE BASIS OF
PLANTS.
DO YOU FIND SIMILAR VEGETATION IN SIMILAR
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS?
IF YOU ALTER THE EXISTING VEGETATION OF A
REGION , WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE ANIMAL
KINGDOM OF THAT REGION?

23. TYPES OF VEGETATION
TROPICAL EVERGREEN
FOREST
•Evergreen by nature as there is no
definite time for trees to shed their
leaves.
•Rainfall is more than 200cms with a
short dry season.
•Height 60 meters and above.
•Warm and wet throughout the year.
•Has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds
giving it a multi-layered structure.
•The regions are Western Ghats,
Island groups of Lakshwadweep,
Andaman and Nicobar,Upper parts of
Assam and Tamilnadu coast.

24. EBONY MAHOGANY ROSEWOOD
CINCHONA
RUBBER
THE IMPORTANT TREES OF TROPICAL EVERGREEN
FORESTS

25. IMPORTANT ANIMALS OF TROPICAL EVERGREEN
FORESTS
ELEPHANT MONKEY
LEMUR
DEER
SLOTH

26. ONE HORNED
RHINOCEROS
BAT
SCORPION
SNAIL

27. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS
*ALSO KNOWN AS MONSOON FORESTS
*FOUND IN THE REGIONS WITH AN ANNUA
L RAINFALL OF 70-200cms.
*TREES OF THIS FORESTS SHED THEIR LE
AVES FOR ABOUT 6-8 WEEKS IN DRY SUM
MER.
* ON THE BASIS OF AVAILBILTY OF WATER,
THESE FORESTS ARE FURTHER DIVIDED I
NTO MOIST AND DRY DECIDUOUS.

28. MOIST DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• ANNUAL RAINFALL: 100-200 Cms
• IMPORTANT AREAS: N.E STATES, ALONG TH
E FOOTHILLS OF HIMALAYAS, JHARKHAND,
WEST ORISSA, CHATTISGARH AND EASTER
N SLOPES OF WESTERN GHATS.

29. MULBERRY
ARJUN
SANDALWOOD KUSUM KHAIR
IMPORTANT TREES FOUND IN MOIST DECIDUOUS
FORESTS

30. TEAK BAMBOO
SAL
SHISHAM

31. DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• FOUND IN THE REGIONS WITH AN ANN
UAL RAINALL OF 70-100Cms.
• IMPORTANT AREAS:
RAINIER PARTS OF PENINSULAR PLATE
AU AND THE PLAINS OF BIHAR AND UT
TARPRADESH.

32. IMPORTANT TREES IN DRY DECIDUOUS
FORESTS
NEEM
PEEPAL
TEAK
SAL

33. IMPORTANT ANIMALS IN TROPICAL DE
CIDUOUS FORESTS
LION
LION TIGER PIG
DEER

34. ELEPHANT
LIZARD
TORTOISE

35. THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS
*FOUND IN REGIONS WITH LESS THAN 70 Cms OF ANNUA
L RAINFALL.
*NATURAL VEGETATION CONSISTS OF THORNY TREES A
ND BUSHES.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THORNY FORESTS AND SCRUBS:
1. TREES ARE SCATTERED
2.TREES HAVE LONG ROOTS PENETRATING DEEP INTO 3
.THE SOIL IN ORDER TO GET MOISTURE.
4.STEMS ARE SUCCULENT TO CONSERVE WATER.
5.LEAVES ARE MOSTLY THICK AND SMALL TO MINIMISE
EVOPARATION.
IMPORTANT AREAS: THESE ARE FOUND IN THE SEMI-A
RID AREAS OF GUJARAT, RAJASTHAN, MADHYAPRADES
H, CHATTISGARH, UTTARPRADESH AND HARYANA.

36. IMPORTANT TREES AND SCRUBS FOUND IN THORNY FOREST
REGION
ACACI
A
PALM
EUPHORBIA
CACTI

37. RAT
IMPORTANT ANIMALS FOUND IN THORNY FOREST REGION
MICE
RABBIT
FOX WOLF

38. WILD ASS
WILD ASS HORSE
CAMEL LION

39. TIGER

40. MONTANE FORESTS
FIND OUT THE VARIATIONS IN
TEMPERATURE IN A PLAIN REGION AND A
HILL STATION.
IN WHICH REGION THE TEMPERATURE
WILL BE LOW? WHY?
WHY IS THE PEAKS OF HIMALAYAS
COVERED WITH SNOW?
WHY DO PEOPLE PREFER TO VISIT HILL
STATIONS DURING SUMMER?

41. THE TEMPERATURE WILL DECREASE WITH INCREASING ALTITUDE IN M
OUNTAINOUS AREAS AND IT LEADS TO CORRESPONDING CHANGE IN N
ATURAL VEGETATION. SO THERE IS A SUCCESSION OF NATURAL VEGE
TATION BELTS FROM THE FOOTHILLS TO THE UPPER REACHES OF THE
HIMALAYAS.
WET TEMPERATE TYPE OF FORESTS:
THIS TYPE OF FORESTS ARE FOUND BETWEEN A HEIGHT OF 1000 AND
2000 METRES.
EVERGREEN BROAD LEAF TREES ARE COMMON HERE.
IMPORTANT TREES FOUND IN THIS REGION:
OAK TREE
CHESTNUT

42. TEMPERATE FORESTS
THESE ARE FOUND BETWEEN AN
ALTITUDE OF 1500 TO 3000 METRES.
CONIFEROUS TREES ARE COMMON.
THESE ARE FOUND IN SOUTHERN
SLOPES OF HIMALAYAS AND PLACES
HAVING HIGH ALTITUDE IN THE
SOUTHERN AND NORTH EAST INDIA.

43. IMPORTANT TREES IN THE TEMPERATE FORESTS
PINE DEODAR SILVER FIR
SPRUCE

44. ALPINE VEGETATION
THESE ARE FOUND IN THE REGIONS HAVING ALTITUDE
MORE THAN 3600 METRES.
THE IMPORTANT TREES OF THIS REGION ARE:
PINE SILVER FIR JUNIPER BIRCH

45. GRASSLANDS
TWO TYPES OF GRASSLANDS ARE COMMON IN
THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS-
1. TEMPERATE GRASSLAND:
FOUND BETWEEN 3000-3600 METRES.
2. ALPINE GRASSLANDS:
FOUND BEYOND 3600 METRES ALTITUDE AND N
EAR TO THE SNOWLINE.
THESE ARE EXTENSIVELY USED FOR GRAZING
BY NOMADIC TRIBES LIKE GUJJARS AND THE BA
KARWALS.

46. IMPORTANT ANIMALS OF MONTANE FORESTS
KASHMIR STAG
SPOTTED DEER
WILD SHEEP
JACK RABBIT

47. TIBETAN ANTELOPE
YAK
SNOW LEOPARD
SQUIRREL

48. SHAGGY HORN WILD
IBEX
BEAR
RED PANDA

49. MANGROVE FOREST
S
• FOUND IN THE COASTAL REGIONS WHICH ARE
AFFECTED BY TIDES.
• THE TREES GROW ON THE ACCUMULATED MU
D AND SILT ON THE COASTS.
• MANGROVE TREES'ROOTS ARE SUBMERGED U
NDER WATER.
IMPORTANT AREAS:
THE DELTAS OF THE GANGA,THE MAHANADI, TH
E KRISHNA, THE GODAVARI AND THE KAVERI.
• IMPORTANT TREE IN THE GANGA-BRAHMAPUT
RA DELTA IS THE SUNDARI TREE WHICH PROVI
DES DURABLE HARD TIMBER.

51. IMPORTANT TREES IN MANGROVE FOREST
S
SUNDARI TREE
PALM

52. KEORA
AGAR

53. IMPORTANT ANIMALS FOUND IN MANGROVE
FORESTS
TURTLE
CROCODILE
GHARIAL
TIGER

54. WILD LIFE
INDIA IS RICH IN ITS FAUNA. IT HAS MOR
E 89,000 ANIMAL SPECIES. THE COUNTR
Y HAS MORE THAN 1,200 SPECIES OF BIR
DS WHICH CONSTITUTE 13% OF THE WO
RLD'S TOTAL. THERE ARE 2,500 SPECIES
OF FISH, WHICH ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY
12% OF THE WORLD'S STOCK. IT ALSO S
HARES BETWEEN 5%-8% OF THE WORLD'
S AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS
.

55. IMPORTANT ANIMALS OF INDIA
FOUND IN THE HOT WET FORESTS OF
ASSAM, KARNATAKA AND KERALA.
LIVES IN SWAMPY AND MARSHY
LANDS OF ASSAM AND WEST
BENGAL

56. THE NATURAL HABITAT OF THE
INDIAN LION IS THE GIR FORESTS
OF GUJARAT.
THESE ARE FOUND IN THE
FORESTS OF MADHYAPRADESH,
THE SUNDERBANS OF WEST
BENGAL AND THE HIMALAYAN
REGION.

57. ARID AREAS OF THE RANN OF
KACHCHH ARE THE HABITATS OF
WILD ASS AND CAMELS
RESPECTIVELY.

58. HIMALAYAN ANIMALS
THEY CAN SURVIVE IN EXTREM
E COLD.
BHARAL KYANG

59. SNOW LEOPARD
YAK
TIBETAN ANTELOPE RED PANDA

60. BEAR WILD SHEEP
IBEX

61. OTHER ANIMALS IN INDIA
INDIAN BISON
NILGAI
CHOUSINGHA GAZEL

62. DEER
MONKEY
1.FIND OUT THE DETAILS OF AQUATIC
ANIMALS AND ALSO THE BIRD LIFE IN INDIA.
2. FIND OUT THE IMPORTANT MEDICINAL
PLANTS OF INDIA AND WRITE THEIR USES.

63. WHY IS THE CONSERVATION OF ECOSY
STEM NECESSARY?
• OUR FOOD CROPS ARE SELECTED FROM EDIBLE PL
ANTS.
• WE EXPERIMENTED AND SELECTED MANY MEDICINA
L PLANTS.
• THE ANIMALS WERE SELECTED FROM A LARGE STO
CK PROVIDED BY NATURE AS MILCH ANIMALS.
• ANIMALS PROVIDED US DRAUGHT POWER, TRANSP
ORTATION, MEAT AND EGGS.
• FISH PROVIDES NUTRITIVE FOOD.
• MANY INSECTS HELPS IN POLLINATION OF CROPS A
ND FRUIT TREES.
• THEY EXERT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ON THE HARMF
UL INSECTS.
HENCE, CONSERVATION IS ESSENTIAL.

64. REASONS FOR THE DAMAGE OF ECOSYST
EM
• EXCESSIVE EXPLOITATION OF THE PLANTS AND ANI
MALS BY THE HUMAN BEINGS.
• HUNTING BY GREEDY HUNTERS.
• POACHING OF ANIMALS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOS
ES.
• POLLUTION DUE TO CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL WA
STES AND ACID DEPOSITS.
• INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN SPECIES.
• RECKLESS CUTTING OF THE FORESTS FOR CULTIV
ATION AND INHABITATION.
DUE TO THESE REASONS 1300 PLANT SPECIES ARE E
NDANGERED AND 20 SPECIES ARE EXTINCT. QUITE
A FEW ANIMAL SPECIES HAVE ALSO BECOME END
ANGERED AND EXTINCT BECAUSE OF THIS.

65. GOVERNMENTAL MEASURES TO CONSE
RVE FLORA AND FAUNA
• SETTING UP OF 14 BIOSPHERE RESERVES. OUT OF TH
ESE SUNDERBANS IN WEST BENGAL, NANDADEVI IN U
TTARAKHAND, GULF OF MANNAR IN TAMILNADU AND T
HE NILGIRIS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN THE WORLD NE
TWORK OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES.
FIND OUT THE REMAINING 10 BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN I
NDIA AND LOCATE THEM ON A MAP.
• PROVIDING FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE T
O MANY BOTANICAL GARDENS BY THE GOVERNMENT
SINCE 1992.
• PROJECT TIGER, PROJECT RHINO, PROJECT GREAT IN
DIAN BUSTARD AND MANY OTHER ECO-DEVELOPMEN
TAL PROJECTS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED.
• 89 NATIONAL PARKS,490 WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES AND
ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS ARE SET UP TO TAKE CARE O

66. RECAPITULATION
•DISTINGUISH BETWEEN FLORA AND FAUNA.
•EXPLAIN HOW ALTITUDE INFLUENCES THE TYPE OF
VEGETATION IN THE HIMALAYAS.
•THE VEGETATION COVER OF INDIA IN LARGE PARTS
IS NO MORE 'NATURAL' IN THE REAL SENSE. WHY?
•WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ECOSYSTEM? WHY SHOULD
WE CONSERVE IT?
•NAME THE STATES HAVING MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
AREAS UNDER FOREST COVER BY LOOKING AT THE
GRAPH GIVEN IN THE TEXT BOOK IN PAGE NO.44.
•NAME THE TYPES OF VEGETATION FOUND IN INDIA.
•DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ENDANGERED AND EXTINCT
SPECIES.

67. •WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MOIST AND
DRY DECIDUOUS TYPE OF VEGETATION?
•WHAT IS BIO-DIVERSITY? WHY IS BIO-DIVERSITY
NECESSARY AND WHY SHOULD IT BE CONSERVED?
•GIVE SOME EXAMPLES TO SHOW THAT INDIA IS RICH
IN ITS FAUNA.
•WHICH AREAS OF THE MOUNTAINS ARE USED BY
THE GUJJARS AND THE BAKARWALS? WHY DO THEY
CHOOSE TO LIVE IN THOSE AREAS?
•WHAT KIND OF ADAPTATIONS ARE FOUND IN THORN
AND SCRUB VEGETATION TO WITHSTAND THE
EXTREME CLIMATE IN THE DESERT?
•HOW ARE THE MANGROVES DIFFERENT FROM
OTHER TYPES OF VEGETATION? GATHER MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR GERMINATION AND
ADAPTATION IN BOTH SALINE AND FRESH WATER.
ALSO COLLECT PICTURES RELATED TO IT.

68. • WHY ARE WETLANDS IMPORTANT AND NEED TO B
E SAVED?
• WHAT ARE THE GOVERNMENTAL MEASURES TO P
ROTECT THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE COUNTRY
?
• WHY ARE ONE-HORNED RHINOS FOUND IN ASSAM
AND WEST BENGAL?
• WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOSPHERE RESERVE? E
XPLAIN THE NECESSITY FOR SETTING UP THE BIO
SPHERE RESERVES IN OUR COUNTRY.
• " IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS THERE IS A SUCCESSIO
N OF NATURAL VEGETATION BELTS FROM THE TR
OPICAL TO THE TUNDRA REGION". EXPLAIN THIS S
TATEMENT WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES FROM INDIA
.
• WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FEA
TURES OF TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS?

69. PROJECT WORKS
• PREPARE A SCRAP BOOK ON MIGRATORY B
IRDS VISITING OUR COUNTRY.
• WRITE THE SCRIPT OF A STREET PLAY GIVI
NG THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATION O
F BIO-DIVERSITY AND TRY TO ENACT IT IN Y
OUR SCHOOL.
• OBSERVE THE BIRDS IN YOUR LOCALITY AN
D MAKE A PROFILE OF ANY ONE OF THE BIR
DS.
• LIST OUT THE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN
YOUR HOUSE AND ALSO WRITE THE USEFU
LNESS OF THEM.

70. ASSIGNMENTS
• WHEN WAS THE WILDLIFE PROTECTION AC
T IMPLEMENTED IN INDIA? WHAT ARE ITS V
ARIOUS PROVISIONS?
• LOCATE THE NATIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE S
ANCTUARIES AND BIRD SANCTUARIES ON A
POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA.(5 EACH)
• WHY WAS THE PROJECT TIGER LAUNCHED
BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA? LOCATE A
NY TEN TIGER RESERVES OF INDIA ON A P
OLITICAL MAP OF INDIA.