Power point describing different terrestrial biomes

1. What do you think, do they differ ?
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2. How are they
benefit to us ?
What are their
characteristics ?
Is there any
animal living
inside them ?
What is biome ?
How many
types of biomes
do we have ?
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3. Biome is:
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Areas that has distinct climate and
organisms /A community of organisms that
occupy a distinct region.

4. Terrestrial Biomes
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5. Biomes- Community in a food web all adapted to
particular abiotic conditions. So, the abiotic factors
determine the biome!
Major Terrestrial Biomes:
1. Tundra
2. Taiga
3. Temp Deciduous Forest
4. Tropical Grasslands
5. Temperate Grasslands
6. Tropical Rainforests
7. Chapparal
8. Desert

6. Biome Vegetation
Temperature & Precipitation
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7. Terrestrial Biomes Map
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8. 1.Tundra
■LOCATED IN THE FAR NORTHERN PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA,
EUROPE, AND ASIA
■CALLED THE PERMAFROST, PERMANENTLY FROZEN SUBSOIL
FOUND IN THE FARTHEST POINT NORTH, INCLUDING ALASKA
■COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE FROZEN DESERT BECAUSE IT
GETS VERY LITTLE RAINFALL, WHICH CANNOT PENETRATE THE
FROZEN GROUND
■HAS THE APPEARANCE OF GENTLY ROLLING TREELESS PLAINS
WITH MANY LAKES, PONDS, AND BOGS IN DEPRESSIONS
■INSECTS, PARTICULARLY FLIES, ARE ABUNDANT
■VAST NUMBERS OF BIRDS NEST IN THE TUNDRA IN THE
SUMMER TO EAT THE INSECTS AND MIGRATE SOUTH IN THE
WINTER
■PRINCIPAL MAMMALS INCLUDE REINDEER, CARIBOU, ARCTIC
WOLVES, ARCTIC FOXES, ARCTIC HARES, LEMMINGS, AND POLAR
BEARS
■THOUGH THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS IN THE
TUNDRA IS HIGH, THE NUMBER OF SPECIES IS SMALL

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10. Tropical Rain Forest
THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST HAS THE GREATEST DIVERSITY OF ANIMAL SP ECIES OF
ANY BIOME.
■THIS BIOME IS FOUND NEAR THE EQUATOR WITH ABUNDANT RAINFALL, STA BLE
TEMPERATURES, AND HIGH HUMIDITY.
■ALTHOUGH THESE FORESTS COVER ONLY 4 PERCENT OF EARTH’S LAND SURFACE,
THEY ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN 20 PERCENT OF EARTH’S NET CARBON FIXATION
(FOOD PRODUCTION).
■IT HAS THE GREATEST PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ANY BIOME ON EART H. IT MAY
HAVE AS MANY AS 50 TIMES THE NUMBER OF SPECIES OF TREES AS DOES A
TEMPERATE FOREST.
■DOMINANT TREES ARE VERY TALL WITH INTERLACING TOPS THAT FORM A D ENSE
CANOPY, KEEPING THE FLOOR OF THE FOREST DIMLY LIT EVEN AT MIDDAY. THE
CANOPY ALSO PREVENTS RAIN FROM FALLING DIRECTLY ONTO THE FOREST FLOOR,
BUT LEAVES DRIP RAIN CONSTANTLY.
■MANY TREES ARE COVERED WITH EPIPHYTES, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PLANTS THAT
GROW ON OTHER TREES RATHER THAN SUPPORTING THEMSELVES. THEY ARE NOT
PARASITES BUT MAY KILL THE TREES INADVERTENTLY BY BLOCKING THE L IGHT.
■THIS BIOME HAS THE MOST ANIMAL SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ANY BIOME AN D
INCLUDES BIRDS, REPTILES, MAMMALS, AND AMPHIBIANS.

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12. Deserts
DESERTS EXPERIENCE THE MOST EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN
TEMPERATURE OF ANY BIOME
■IT RECEIVES LESS THAN 10 INCHES OF RAINFALL PER YEAR; NOT EVEN
GRASSES CAN SURVIVE.
■A DESERT EXPERIENCES THE MOST EXTREME TEMPERATURE
FLUCTUATIONS OF ANY BIOME. DAYTIME SURFACE
TEMPERATURES CAN BE AS HIGH AS 70°C. WITH NO MODERATING
INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION, HEAT IS LOST RAPIDLY AT NIGHT. SHORTLY
AFTER SUNDOWN TEMPERATURES DROP DRASTICALLY.
■CHARACTERISTIC PLANTS ARE THE DROUGHT -RESISTANT CACTI WITH
SHALLOW ROOTS TO CAPTURE AS MUCH RAIN AS POSSIBLE DURING
HARD AND SHORT RAINS THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DESERT.
■OTHER PLANTS INCLUDE SAGEBRUSH, CREOSOTE BUSH, AND
MESQUITE.
■THERE ARE MANY SMALL ANNUAL PLANTS THAT ARE STIMULATED TO
GROW ONLY AFTER A HARD RAIN. THEY GERMINATE, SEND UP SHOOTS
AND FLOWERS, AND DIE ALL WITHIN A FEW WEEKS.

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■Most animals are active at night or during a brief early-morning period or late afternoon,
when the heat is not so intense. During the day, animals remain cool by burrowing
underground or hiding in the shade.
■Cacti can expand to hold extra water and have modified leaves called spines, which
protect against animals attacking a cactus for its water.
■As an example of how severe conditions in a desert can be, in the Sahara desert, there are
regions of hundreds of miles across that are completely barren of any vegetation.
■Characteristic animals include rodents, kangaroo rats, snakes, lizards, arachnids, insects,
and a few birds. Here is a sample climate graph to analyze.

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15. Temperate Grasslands
■COVER HUGE AREAS IN BOTH THE TEMPERATE
AND TROPICAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD
■CHARACTERIZED BY LOW TOTAL ANNUAL
RAINFALL OR UNEVEN SEASONAL OCCURRENCE
OF RAINFALL, MAKING CONDITIONS
INHOSPITABLE FOR FORESTS
■PRINCIPAL GRAZING MAMMALS INCLUDE
BISON AND PRONGHORN ANTELOPE IN THE
UNITED STATES, AND WILDEBEEST AND GAZELLE
IN AFRICA
■BURROWING MAMMALS, SUCH AS PRAIRIE
DOGS AND OTHER RODENTS, ARE COMMON
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

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17. Check point
1. WHAT IS A BIOME?
2. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TERRESTRIAL
BIOMES?
3. WHAT ARE THE ABIOTIC FACTORS THAT
DICTATE TERRESTRIAL BIOMES?

18. Temperate
Deciduous Forest
■found in the northeast of north
america, south of the taiga, and
characterized by trees that drop their
leaves in winter
■includes many more plant species
than does the taiga
■shows vertical stratification of
plants and animals—some species
live on the ground, some in the low
branches, and some in the treetops
■rich soil due to decomposition of
leaf litter
■principal mammals include
squirrels, deer, foxes, and bears that
are dormant or hibernate through the
cold winter

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20. Tropical Grasslands (Savannas)
CENTRAL S.AMERICA, CENTRAL
AFRICA, N.AUSTRALIA, INDIA
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: DRY
SEASON: 34 °C (93 °F)
CLIMATE: THERE ARE TWO
SEASONS, WET IN THE SUMMER,
DRY IN THE WINTER.
LANDFORMS: FLAT PLAIN WITH
SMALL HILLS

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The taiga—the conifer forest—is the largest terrestrial biome.
Conifer Forest—Taiga or Boreal Forest
■Found in northern Canada and much of the world’s northern regions including Alaska, Russia,
and northern Europe
■Dominated by conifer (evergreen) forests, like spruce and fir
■Landscape is dotted with lakes, ponds, and bogs
■Abundance of rainfall allows trees to dominate the landscape
■Has very cold winters
■Is the largest terrestrial biome
■Characterized by heavy snowfall; trees are shaped with branches directed downward to
prevent heavy accumulations of snow from breaking their branches
■Principal large mammals include moose, black bear, lynx, elk, wolverines, martens, and
porcupines
■Flying insects and birds are prevalent in summer
■Has greater variety in animal species than does the tundra
■Seasonal temperature ranges of more than 70°C

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24. 4. WHICH BIOME HAS MORE NUTRIENT RICH SOIL- RAIN
FORESTS OR GRASSLAND
6. WHAT TWO FACTORS HELP DETERMINE THE TYPE OF
VEGETATION IN AN ECOSYSTEM?
7. HOW ARE TUNDRA AND DESERT BIOMES SIMILAR?
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IN WHICH BIOME DO PLANTS TEND TO HAVE THE
DEEPEST ROOT SYSTEMS?
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DESCRIBE TWO ADAPTATIONS ANIMALS HAVE TO HELP
THEM SURVIVE IN THEIR BIOME.
Check point

25. 4. WHICH BIOME HAS MORE NUTRIENT RICH SOIL- RAIN FORESTS OR
GRASSLANDS? GRASSLANDS- SLOW DECAY RETURNING NUTRIENTS
TO THE SOIL
5. WHAT ARE EPIPHYTES? PLANTS THAT USE THE SURFACE OF A
TREE TO GROW.
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WHAT TWO FACTORS HELP DETERMINE THE TYPE OF VEGETATION
IN AN ECOSYSTEM? TEMPERATURE & PRECIPITATION
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HOW ARE TUNDRA AND DESERT BIOMES SIMILAR? LOW
PRECIPITATION
8. IN WHICH BIOME DO PLANTS TEND TO HAVE THE DEEPEST ROOT
SYSTEMS? TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS (TALL PRAIRIE GRASSES)
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DESCRIBE TWO ADAPTATIONS ANIMALS HAVE TO HELP THEM
SURVIVE IN THEIR BIOME. CAMOUFLAGE, NOCTURNAL, THICK SKIN,
BODY ARMOR, LONG NECKS & TONGUES