3. SYSTEM - A set of interconnected components
that are interacting to form a unified whole.
4. EXAMPLE of a system- ECOSYSTEM.
(Organisms are interrelated and interacting)
5. The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED
SYSTEM.
A closed system is a system in which
there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.
The Earth receives energy from the sun
and
returns some of this energy to space.
9. Scale
Processes in the Earth system act on length
scales of microns to thousands of kilometers,
and on time scales of milliseconds to
millions of years.
Major Themes
10. Energy
The Earth system is powered by one external
source: the Sun
and two internal ones:
- radioactive decay
- gravitational energy (heat still being lost from
planetary formation).
Major Themes
11. Cycles
Material in the Earth system is continually
recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.
Major Themes
15. Includes all life
forms on Earth
Biosphere
It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to
the rainforest, from mangroves to coral
reefs,
and from the plankton-rich ocean surface
to the deep sea.
18. Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff, Infiltration, etc...
The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
1. About 70% of the Earth is covered with
liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it
is in the form of ocean water.
2. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-
thirds are in the form of ice, and the
remaining
one-third is present in streams, lakes,
and groundwater.
20. The atmosphere is
the thin gaseous
layer that envelopes
the lithosphere.
Atmosphere
The present atmosphere is composed of
78% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2),
0.9% argon, and trace amount of other
gases.
21. Why is nitrogen the most abundant
element in the atmosphere?
• Volatile in most of its forms
• Unreactive with materials
that make up the solid earth
• Stable in the presence of
solar radiation
22. One of the most important processes
by which the heat on the Earth's
surface is redistributed is through
atmospheric circulation.
Basic Principle:
Warm air rises, cold
air sinks.
23. Why is the ocean blue?
• Ocean is blue because it’s reflecting
the blue sky.
FALSE
• It absorbs sunlight (long and short
wavelength light)
• Ocean may take other hues, if light
bounces off objects floating near the
surface of the water e.g algae and
sediments
24. WHY IS THE SKY BLUE?
• Molecules in the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they
scatter red light.
• It travels as shorter, smaller waves
25. WHY IS THE SKY RED DURING SUNSET?
Blue light has been scattered out and away from the line of sight.
28. Do you know what Aurora lights are?
• Aurora borealis (Northern lights)
• Aurora australis (Southern lights)
• Form when charged particles emitted from the
sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth’s
magnetic field and collide with atoms and
molecules in the atmosphere.
• The result produces countless little burst of
light (photons)
• Collision with Oxygen (red and green auroras)
• Collision with Nitrogen (Pink and purple
auroras)
30. Connect to Earth
Create a concept map which explains
how the geosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere are
interconnected.
Use arrows and simple illustrations.
42. Sources:
1. Ms. Laguda ppt. (Regional
SHS Mass Training of Grade
11 Teachers)
2.TG Earth & Life Science
Editor's Notes
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Most life is concentrated near the surface
*insert photo for biosphere
Most life is concentrated near the surface
*insert photo for biosphere
Global ocean – 71%
*insert photo for hydrosphere
Photos for the Earth’s spheres
Weather & Climate – Energy exchanges (atmosphere-earth’s surface and atmosphere-space)
Lunar surface – has not changed in 3 billion years
*insert photo for atmosphere
Why is there an wind when we whistle?
Why not violet? Because of eye sensitivity and color receptor r b g
Soil – may be thought of as part of all four spheres
*insert photo for geosphere
Soil – may be thought of as part of all four spheres
*insert photo for geosphere
Soil – may be thought of as part of all four spheres
*insert photo for geosphere