Earth anfdLife Science

1. EARTH’S
SUBSYST
EMS
FLOREANN A. BASCO

2. • is commonly referred as the spheres which are
divided into four: geosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere.
• These four spheres regulate the different
functions of Earth which makes it habitable
which is
similar on how a human body system works.
EARTH SYSTEMS

3. • All human body systems work together to
maintain a well-functioning and healthy body.
• On Earth, each of the four spheres or systems
must keep itself in balance. A change in one
system will affect other systems.
EARTH SYSTEMS

4. Activity 1.1: Earth
Systems Picture
Analysis

5. Answer the following:
1) What are the proofs that life
forms are existing in the
pictures?
2) Describe how you think
changes to one feature/system
may affect
others.
3) How are the Earth spheres
shown in the picture
interconnected?

6. Earth system is essentially a closed
system where it receives energy
from the sun and returns some of this
energy to space. In contrast,
the four spheres of Earth (geosphere,
biosphere, atmosphere and
atmosphere) are considered open
systems where both matter and
energy can flow across the
boundaries. These systems are all
interconnected as shown in the
diagram.

8. Biosphere: This sphere is
associated with living systems such
as biomes or ecosystems.
This includes life on land, in the
oceans and rivers, and even life that
we cannot see with the naked eye.
• Features: coastal biomes, forests,
desert, grasslands, and other
ecosystems.
• Processes: photosynthesis,
biogeochemical cycles (carbon
cycle, nitrogen cycle..

10. Hydrosphere: This sphere is associated
with water in solid (ice) and liquid states.
It composed of all waters on the surface
(oceans, rivers, and lakes) and also the
water underground (in wells and
aquifers) and may also include moisture
in air
(visible as clouds and fogs).
Features: oceans, icebergs, lakes,
rivers, glaciers, snow, and so on.
Processes: hydrologic cycle
(condensation, evaporation..), ocean
circulation

12. Atmosphere: This sphere relates to
meteorological features and phenomena
such
as weather, clouds, or aerosols (particles in
the air). It includes an ever‐changing
mixture of gas and small particles located
above and surrounding the Earth’s
surface.
o Features: clouds, weather, aurora, air
pollution/aerosols, dust, and so on.
o Processes: atmospheric circulation

13. DISTANCE BETWEEN LAYERS
TROPOSP
HERE
MESOSPH
ERE
STRATOSP
HERE
THERMOSPH
ERE
EXOSPHERE
12 KM (7 MI)
49 KM (30 MI)
85 KM (53 MI)
700 KM (435 MI)
700+ KM (500+
MI)
1
2
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
3
4
5

14. Layers of the Atmosphere Layer
Major Features
Troposphere Densest part. Almost all weather types are in
this region.
Stratosphere Location of ozone layer which absorbs and
scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation.
Mesosphere Region where meteors usually burn up and
become “shooting stars”
Ionosphere It is where radio communications possible.
Thermosphere It is the area of aurora and satellites.
Exosphere Upper limit of the atmosphere separating Earth
and space.

16. Geosphere: This sphere is associated with
solid portions of the Earth. It includes
Geosphere: This sphere is associated with
solid portions of the Earth. It includes
rocks, sediments, soils, and surface
landforms. It is predominantly classified as
the lithosphere: the upper mantle and
crust.
rocks, sediments, soils, and surface
landforms. It is predominantly classified as
the lithosphere: the upper mantle and
crust.

17. Processes: weathering, erosion, mantle convection,
volcanic eruption, and so on.
o Earth’s Interior Layers:
● Crust – upper portion composed of 2 types:
Oceanic crust (underlies
the ocean basin) and Continental crust (underlies the
continents) which
is most abundant composition is oxygen and silicon.
● Mantle – solid rock layer between crust and
crust.
● Core – it is an iron-rich sphere divided into 2
parts: outer core (liquid
iron-nickel-sulfur, generates magnetic field) and

18. The associated features of the geosphere based on
types are:
• Fluvial & Alluvial processes: deltas, river channels,
canyons, alluvial fans
• Aeolian processes: sand dunes, yardangs, wind
streaks
• Tectonic Processes: folds, faults, mountains
• Volcanic Processes: volcanoes, central vents,
volcanic deposits
• Impact Processes: impact craters
• Other Processes: mass wasting processes,
erosional processes

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