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Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation.pptx

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David Hetherington
David Hetherington

The document describes an approach for conducting modular trade studies using SysML simulation. It discusses implementing trade studies in Cameo Systems Modeler and IBM Rhapsody. The key aspects of the approach are: 1. Creating a generic system block with attribute properties and specialized subsystem blocks that inherit those properties. 2. Instancing the specialized subsystem blocks to evaluate their attribute properties through simulation. 3. Assembling the subsystem instances into vehicle instances to evaluate overall system utility through parametric simulation constraints. This allows evaluating different subsystem options in a modular way and integrating the results into an overall system trade study comparison. The document provides step-by-step explanations of implementing this approach in Cameo and Rhaps

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Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation David Hetherington System Strategy, Inc 2021 INCOSE Western States Regional Conference – San Diego, CA Copyright © 2021 by David Hetherington Permission granted to INCOSE to publish and use
Agenda - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation  The Trade Study Problem  Implementation in Cameo Systems Modeler  Implementation in IBM Rhapsody 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 2
The Trade Study Problem Neither the SysML Standard nor the main textbooks make it obvious how to actually execute a trade study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 3
Drivetrain – A Typical Trade Study Problem 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 4 Vehicle Gasoline Drivetrain Diesel Drivetrain Battery Electric Drivetrain Fuel Cell Drivetrain System of Interest Candidates for Drivetrain Subsystem
Assessing the Utility of a Drive Train 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 5 Drivetrain Mass? Volume? Torque? Fuel Range? Attribute Points Polarity Measure Mass 20 Less is better % of 1000kg Volume 20 Less is better % of 2 m3 Torque 30 More is better % of 1000 Nm Fuel Range 30 More is better % of 1000 km
First Try – Taking the Textbooks at Face Value 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 6 This would be a mess. While this ultra-simple example might not look too bad, cross-connecting everything all in one model would get very tangled.
Instances and Generalization are the Key 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 7 1. Simulation (both Cameo and Rhapsody) runs off of instances, not off of block definitions. When you tell either tool to simulate a block, the tool actually creates an instance underneath the covers and runs that instance to execute the simulation. 2. Composed instances can be assembled manually in both tools. 3. Generalization 101 – A specialized class can be used anywhere its general parent can be used.
Strategy – the System of Interest 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 8 1. The vehicle has only one (generic) drivetrain part. 2. The generic drivetrain contains value properties for the key attributes. 3. A parametric simulation at the vehicle level evaluates the utility of the drivetrain from its value properties.
Strategy – Subsystems Being Studied 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 9 1. The four different drivetrain blocks specialize the generic drivetrain block. 2. Each specialized drivetrain block includes the four inherited value properties. 3. Each specialized drivetrain block can add as much unique modeling complexity as needed to evaluate and deliver values in the four value properties. 4. Instances for each specialized drivetrain can be manually inserted into the part slot for the generic drivetrain in an instance of the vehicle.
Implementation in Cameo Systems Modeler Cameo Step-by-Step 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 10
Set Up the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 11 In order to set up a parametric diagram for simulation, it is helpful to have a single block that owns all of the elements.
Create the Parametric Diagram 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 12 In order to use simulation, the names of the constraint parameters need to be “Script Friendly” Connect everything with binding connectors.
Set the Constraint Equation 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 13 Setting the language to “Built-In Math” is critical Implicitly declare local variables (“mass_score”) to make the equation more modular.
Create Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 14 Create vehicle instances, one for each sort of drive train. Notice that at this point, the vehicle instances do not (yet) included drivetrain instances.
Create Drivetrain Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 15 Create one instance for each type of drivetrain. In order to keep the length of this presentation manageable and focus on the core technique, we will just directly set the “answer” for each drivetrain instance. HOWEVER, it is definitely possible to create a unique simulation approach for each drivetrain type to more accurately calculate the value properties for that specific type of drivetrain.
Install the Drivetrain Instances in the Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 16 Create a BDD with the four vehicle instances. The drivetrain instances can be “installed” by simply dragging them to their respective vehicle instances.
Create the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 17 Create four trade study instances, each one with an analysis constraint block and with a results block, but without a vehicle (yet).
Install the Vehicles in the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 18 Once again, install each vehicle instance into its corresponding trade study instance.
Create an Instance Table for the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 19 Now you are ready to create an instance table for the trade study instances. Select the columns you want to display. Since everything is owned ultimately by the trade study block, you can display any of the value properties in any of the nested part blocks. Drag the columns around as needed. Notice that the score is still “0” for each instance….
Run the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 20 Select all of the rows. Pull down the evaluation menu. Select “Evaluate Selected Rows”.
Done 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 21 The scores for the different trade study instances have been calculated. At this point there are several options: 1. The numerical results can be pushed back into the model instances. (This is an explicit step if you want to do this. The instances are not updated by default.) 2. The results can be exported to a spreadsheet using the “Export” tool. 3. The results can be copied and pasted into any other software application (including Microsoft Excel) that can accept the data.
Implementation in IBM Rhaposdy Rhaposdy Step-by-Step 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 22
Set Up the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 23 We can set up in Rhapsody the same way we set up in Cameo. Rhapsody seems to be a bit more flexible than Cameo about how parametric diagrams are constructed, but this structure makes sense and helps us keep our efforts straight.
Create the Parametric Diagram 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 24 Again we will need some intermediate variables for the complicated calculation. In Rhapsody these must be defined as extra constraint parameters and must be shown in the diagram. Connect as before.
Set the Constraint Equation 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 25 Rhapsody constraints apparently can’t span lines. Instead, five separate constraints are needed, with one line of equation for each constraint. The equation language is for the open source MAXIMA solver, but happens to be identical to the built-in math used in Cameo.
Install Maxima 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 26 Get Maxima from: https://maxima.sourceforge.io/ It is free and very easy to install.
Play with Maxima to Make Sure it is Working 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 27 Once installed, Maxima will run from your Windows start menu. It presents a command line interpreter similar to MATRLAB. Doing simple things can be a bit obtuse, but it can do incredibly powerful calculations. Check online for tutorials.
Add PCE Profile to Rhapsody 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 28
Make Sure PCE is Configured 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 29
Create Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 30 We can create vehicle instances in Rhapsody in the same manager as in Cameo and manually configure the drivetrain in each one…. However, they end up being sort of irrelevant because the Rhapsody Parametric Constraint Evaluator does not work fully with nested instances.
Create Drivetrain Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 31 Create one instance for each type of drivetrain. Again, we set the values directly for each instance.
Add Constraint Views 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 32 Next we create one ConstraintView element for each trade study instance. These can be created by right- clicking on the package and selecting “Add New” Right-click on each ConstraintView and use “Add New” to add a reference to the parametric diagram and another reference to the drivetrain instance.
Open the Constraint View 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 33 Values are picked up from the instance. Clear the result, click “Evaluate” PCE will calculate the result. Results can be written back into the model or exported to a CSV file.
Questions?  If you would like a copy of the presentation or of the models, send me an e- mail: – David_Hetherington@ieee.org – dhetherington@systemxi.com 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 34
2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 35

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Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation.pptx

  • 1. Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation David Hetherington System Strategy, Inc 2021 INCOSE Western States Regional Conference – San Diego, CA Copyright © 2021 by David Hetherington Permission granted to INCOSE to publish and use
  • 2. Agenda - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation  The Trade Study Problem  Implementation in Cameo Systems Modeler  Implementation in IBM Rhapsody 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 2
  • 3. The Trade Study Problem Neither the SysML Standard nor the main textbooks make it obvious how to actually execute a trade study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 3
  • 4. Drivetrain – A Typical Trade Study Problem 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 4 Vehicle Gasoline Drivetrain Diesel Drivetrain Battery Electric Drivetrain Fuel Cell Drivetrain System of Interest Candidates for Drivetrain Subsystem
  • 5. Assessing the Utility of a Drive Train 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 5 Drivetrain Mass? Volume? Torque? Fuel Range? Attribute Points Polarity Measure Mass 20 Less is better % of 1000kg Volume 20 Less is better % of 2 m3 Torque 30 More is better % of 1000 Nm Fuel Range 30 More is better % of 1000 km
  • 6. First Try – Taking the Textbooks at Face Value 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 6 This would be a mess. While this ultra-simple example might not look too bad, cross-connecting everything all in one model would get very tangled.
  • 7. Instances and Generalization are the Key 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 7 1. Simulation (both Cameo and Rhapsody) runs off of instances, not off of block definitions. When you tell either tool to simulate a block, the tool actually creates an instance underneath the covers and runs that instance to execute the simulation. 2. Composed instances can be assembled manually in both tools. 3. Generalization 101 – A specialized class can be used anywhere its general parent can be used.
  • 8. Strategy – the System of Interest 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 8 1. The vehicle has only one (generic) drivetrain part. 2. The generic drivetrain contains value properties for the key attributes. 3. A parametric simulation at the vehicle level evaluates the utility of the drivetrain from its value properties.
  • 9. Strategy – Subsystems Being Studied 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 9 1. The four different drivetrain blocks specialize the generic drivetrain block. 2. Each specialized drivetrain block includes the four inherited value properties. 3. Each specialized drivetrain block can add as much unique modeling complexity as needed to evaluate and deliver values in the four value properties. 4. Instances for each specialized drivetrain can be manually inserted into the part slot for the generic drivetrain in an instance of the vehicle.
  • 10. Implementation in Cameo Systems Modeler Cameo Step-by-Step 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 10
  • 11. Set Up the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 11 In order to set up a parametric diagram for simulation, it is helpful to have a single block that owns all of the elements.
  • 12. Create the Parametric Diagram 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 12 In order to use simulation, the names of the constraint parameters need to be “Script Friendly” Connect everything with binding connectors.
  • 13. Set the Constraint Equation 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 13 Setting the language to “Built-In Math” is critical Implicitly declare local variables (“mass_score”) to make the equation more modular.
  • 14. Create Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 14 Create vehicle instances, one for each sort of drive train. Notice that at this point, the vehicle instances do not (yet) included drivetrain instances.
  • 15. Create Drivetrain Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 15 Create one instance for each type of drivetrain. In order to keep the length of this presentation manageable and focus on the core technique, we will just directly set the “answer” for each drivetrain instance. HOWEVER, it is definitely possible to create a unique simulation approach for each drivetrain type to more accurately calculate the value properties for that specific type of drivetrain.
  • 16. Install the Drivetrain Instances in the Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 16 Create a BDD with the four vehicle instances. The drivetrain instances can be “installed” by simply dragging them to their respective vehicle instances.
  • 17. Create the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 17 Create four trade study instances, each one with an analysis constraint block and with a results block, but without a vehicle (yet).
  • 18. Install the Vehicles in the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 18 Once again, install each vehicle instance into its corresponding trade study instance.
  • 19. Create an Instance Table for the Trade Study Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 19 Now you are ready to create an instance table for the trade study instances. Select the columns you want to display. Since everything is owned ultimately by the trade study block, you can display any of the value properties in any of the nested part blocks. Drag the columns around as needed. Notice that the score is still “0” for each instance….
  • 20. Run the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 20 Select all of the rows. Pull down the evaluation menu. Select “Evaluate Selected Rows”.
  • 21. Done 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 21 The scores for the different trade study instances have been calculated. At this point there are several options: 1. The numerical results can be pushed back into the model instances. (This is an explicit step if you want to do this. The instances are not updated by default.) 2. The results can be exported to a spreadsheet using the “Export” tool. 3. The results can be copied and pasted into any other software application (including Microsoft Excel) that can accept the data.
  • 22. Implementation in IBM Rhaposdy Rhaposdy Step-by-Step 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 22
  • 23. Set Up the Trade Study 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 23 We can set up in Rhapsody the same way we set up in Cameo. Rhapsody seems to be a bit more flexible than Cameo about how parametric diagrams are constructed, but this structure makes sense and helps us keep our efforts straight.
  • 24. Create the Parametric Diagram 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 24 Again we will need some intermediate variables for the complicated calculation. In Rhapsody these must be defined as extra constraint parameters and must be shown in the diagram. Connect as before.
  • 25. Set the Constraint Equation 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 25 Rhapsody constraints apparently can’t span lines. Instead, five separate constraints are needed, with one line of equation for each constraint. The equation language is for the open source MAXIMA solver, but happens to be identical to the built-in math used in Cameo.
  • 26. Install Maxima 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 26 Get Maxima from: https://maxima.sourceforge.io/ It is free and very easy to install.
  • 27. Play with Maxima to Make Sure it is Working 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 27 Once installed, Maxima will run from your Windows start menu. It presents a command line interpreter similar to MATRLAB. Doing simple things can be a bit obtuse, but it can do incredibly powerful calculations. Check online for tutorials.
  • 28. Add PCE Profile to Rhapsody 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 28
  • 29. Make Sure PCE is Configured 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 29
  • 30. Create Vehicle Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 30 We can create vehicle instances in Rhapsody in the same manager as in Cameo and manually configure the drivetrain in each one…. However, they end up being sort of irrelevant because the Rhapsody Parametric Constraint Evaluator does not work fully with nested instances.
  • 31. Create Drivetrain Instances 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 31 Create one instance for each type of drivetrain. Again, we set the values directly for each instance.
  • 32. Add Constraint Views 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 32 Next we create one ConstraintView element for each trade study instance. These can be created by right- clicking on the package and selecting “Add New” Right-click on each ConstraintView and use “Add New” to add a reference to the parametric diagram and another reference to the drivetrain instance.
  • 33. Open the Constraint View 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 33 Values are picked up from the instance. Clear the result, click “Evaluate” PCE will calculate the result. Results can be written back into the model or exported to a CSV file.
  • 34. Questions?  If you would like a copy of the presentation or of the models, send me an e- mail: – David_Hetherington@ieee.org – dhetherington@systemxi.com 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 34
  • 35. 2021 WSRC - Modular Trade Studies with SysML Simulation | David Hetherington 35