Immunity It can be defined as the resistance to disease, specifically to infectious disease or pathogens. The term “immune” is derived from the Latin word “immunis” that is exempt from charges. In medical term, it refers to the being protected from infectious pathogens. Immune system It is adaptive defense system which is able to generate a variety of cell and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating a variety of limitless foreign invaders into the system. In 1975 Georges Kohler and Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to create hybridomas that could produce antibodies. antibody Also known as immunoglobulin is a large, Y shaped glycoprotein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. monoclonal antibodies Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are clones of a unique parent cell. polyclonal antibodies A polyclonal antibodies represents a collection of antibodies from different B cells that recognize multiple epitopes on the same antigen.

1. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY & hybridoma technology
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Dr. HARISINGH GOUR VISHWAVIDYALAYA
SAGAR M.P.
Submitted by:-
Manoranjan Purusottam
M.Pharma. 1st sem.

2. CONTENTS
 Basic introduction to immunology
 Introduction to antibodies
 Hybridoma technology
 Production of monoclonal antibodies
 Application
 References

3. Introduction to immunology
 Immunity
It can be defined as the resistance to disease, specifically to
infectious disease or pathogens. The term “immune” is derived from
the Latin word “immunis” that is exempt from charges. In medical
term, it refers to the being protected from infectious pathogens.
 Immune system
It is adaptive defense system which is able to generate a variety of
cell and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating a
variety of limitless foreign invaders into the system.

5. Introduction
 antibody
Also known as immunoglobulin is a large, Y shaped glycoprotein produced
mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize
pathogens.
 monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are clones of a
unique parent cell.
 polyclonal antibodies
A polyclonal antibodies represents a collection of antibodies from different B
cells that recognize multiple epitopes on the same antigen.

6. Discovery of monoclonal antibodies
In 1975 Georges Kohler and
Milstein succeeded in making
fusions of myeloma cell lines with B
cells to create hybridomas that
could produce antibodies.

7. Hybridoma technology

8. Cont….

9. Cont….

10. Cont….

11. HAT media

12. Cont….

13. Cont….

14. Production of monoclonal antibodies

15. advantages
 Specificity for one antigen determinant.
 Immortal cell lines.
 Antibodies with high avidity can be produced.
 Immure immunogen can be produced.
 In-vivo and In-vitro production is possible.
 They can be easily tested for cross-reactivity.

16. Disadvantages
 Mono-specificity also limits their applications
 Minor changes in antigen epitope structure affect the function of monoclonal
antibodies
 MAb production should be very specific to the antigen to which it needs to bind.
 Mild allergic reaction and Anaphylactic shock are some side effects of monoclonal
antibodies

17. Applications
A. Diagnostic application
1.diagnostic reagents
2.Diagnostic imaging
(a)cardiovascular disease
(b)sites of bacterial infection
(c)cell surface markers
(d)detection of circulating antigens
B. Therapeutic application
1.General
(a)MAb itself
(b)radioisotope immunoconjugates
2.Transplantation
(a)organ
(b)bone marrow

18. Cont.…
3.Infectious disease
(a) microorganism and parasites
(b) Parasites
4.Enzymes and proteins
5.Autoimmune disorder
6.Antidotes
C. Investigational and analytical application
D. Drug targeting

19. REFERENCES
• Vyas S.P. & Dixit V.K.“Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”1st edition,CBS
Publishers And Distributors Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1998, 485-528.