Isomerism - the organic chemistry phenomena is defined as the compound having the same molecular formula but differ in properties.

1. Isomerism
A CHEMICAL PHENOMENA
BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
01
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M

2. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
02
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
Isomerism
Structural Isomerism
Classification
Classification of structural isomerism
Stereo isomerism
Classification of stereo isomerism
Today's Topics
Presentation Outline

3. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
03
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
N E X T
The compounds having the same molecular formula but differ in
properties are known as "isomers" and the phenomena is called
"isomerism".
It is derived from the Greek word "isos-meros"
Isomerism
Defination
ISOS
ISOS
MEROS
+
EQUAL PARTS

4. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
04
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
Isomerism
Structural
Stereo
Geometrical
Optical
Chain
Position
Functional
Metamerism
Tautomerism

5. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
A compound having the same molecular
formula but a different structural formula is
called structural isomerism.
Define
S T R U C T U R A L I S O M E R I S M
05

6. E X A M P L E
BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
06
C H
5 1 2
n- pentane
Iso- pentane
Neo-pentane
Z E R O
O F O R
O R A N G E
A p p r o x s a m e f o r m a t i o n b u t
d i f f r e n t s t r u c t u r e , p r o p e r t i e s
06

7. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
07
Prefixes
The prefix "n(normal)" is used when all carbons form a
continuous, unbranched chain (linear)
"n"
"iso" is used when all carbons expect one form of continuous
chain.
"iso"
"neo" is used when all but 2 carbons, form a continuous chain.
"neo"
OH
C

8. N E X T
Classification of Structural Isomerism
BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
A
L
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
When two or more compounds
have a similar molecular formula
but different carbon skeleton.
Eg: C H
It arises when two or more
compounds have the same
molecular formula but the
different functional groups.
Eg: C H O
CHAIN POSITION FUNCTIONAL
01 02 03
5 12
It arises when compounds have
the same molecular formula but
the different position of functional
group or substituents.
Eg: C H O
3 8 3 6
n-pentane
Iso-pentane
Propane 1 ol
OH
Propane 2 ol
OH
Aldehyde
CHO
O
Ketone
08

9. N E X T
Classification of Structural Isomerism
BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
A
L
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
It arises due to different alkyl
groups on either side of the same
functional group.
Eg: C H O
Itis special type of functional
isomerism arises in carbonyl
compound containing α - H atom.
Eg:
METAMERISM TAUTOMERISM
04 05
5 10
C H C
2 5
C H
2 5
O
CH C
3
C H
3 7
O
CH C
3
H
O
CH C
2
H
OH
keto from
acetaldehyde
enol form
09

10. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
A compound having the same molecular
formula but different spatial arrangement of
atoms and groups are called stereoisomers
and the phenomena is called stereoisomerism.
Define
S T E R E O I S O M E R I S M
10

11. N E X T
Classification of Stereo isomerism
BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
S
T
E
R
E
O
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M
The isomers having same
molecular formula but different
spatial arrangement of atoms
about double bond are known as
geometrical isomers and
phenomena is geometrical
isomerism.
The compound having similar
physical and chemical properties
but differ only in behaviour
towards plane-polarized light are
called enantiomers and show
optical isomerism.
GEOMETRICAL OPTICAL
01 02
H C OH
CH CH
2 butanol
2 3
CH3
H C OH
CH3
H CH C
3 2
mirror
11

12. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
Get to
Know Us
team0 from bvmknowledge.com
MOHIT MISHRA B.pharma II year- IV sem
Admin- Bvmknowledge
Created and designed by-
Contact us for taking our services. Visit us
Visit us
Visit us
C
L
A
S
S
I
F
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
I
S
O
M
E
R
I
S
M

13. BVMKNOWLEDGE.COM
Contact
For designing and for place your courses
EMAIL ADDRESS
ommohit19@gmail.com
WEBSITE
www.bvmknowledge.com
13
INSTAGRAM
19mohit_mishra07