1. AN INTRODUCTION TO
BURN, SCALD, AND FIRST
AID
Crystal Carrillo
First Aid Instructor Certified
Thrive To Five

2. FIRST AID GUIDELINES
 What is First Aid?
Providing care for someone with little to no
equipment in a low pressure environment
 Good Samaritan Law
 Stay with your victim to avoid abandonment
 Provide assistance without payment or
compensation
 Do not provide care beyond your training
Perform without negligence
 Help with permission from individual, if
responsive

3. (CONT.)
 Make sure the scene is SAFE!
 YOU are the most important person
because you can call 9-1-1
 There may be bodily fluids
so be prepared
(always protect
yourself)

4. TYPES OF THREATS
 Mental Status
 Circulatory
 Airway
 Breathing
 Bleeds
 Burns
 Breaks
 Bites and Stings
Life Threats Non-Life Threats

5. NON LIFE THREATS:
BLEEDS
 Stop with pressure and clean the area
Soap/water is best
Neosporin on clean skin
Honey is a natural antiseptic if the other two
are not available —try
to avoid using alcohol

6. BLEEDS (CONT.)
 Internal bleeds:
 Watch for signs! (blood in
cough/urine/bowels/vomit)
 Can become life threatening
 Lookout for shock—feeling cold in hot weather
 CALL 911
 Nose bleeds:
 Plug nose, lean forward
 DO NOT BLOW

7. BLEEDS (CONT.)
 Impaled Objects:
 Do NOT remove object
 Keep object stable
 Keep victim as calm/comfortable as possible
 Contact 9-1-1!
 In the eye:
 Do not remove object—could cause nerve damage
to the eye/potential blindness
 Stabilize the object to keep nerves intact
 Keep victim calm
 Call 9-1-1 ASAP

8. NON LIFE THREATS:
BURNS
Cool it
Cover it
Always cool burns FIRST, use moderately
cold water
Numbing or tingling pain? It could be 3rd
degree

9. BURNS (CONT.)
1st Degree Burn:
Top Layer of Skin
2nd Degree Burn:
2nd Layer of Skin—bubble
3rd Degree Burn:
Towards muscle tissue-depth
4th Degree Burn:
Chemical burn

10. SO WHAT CAN YOU DO AS A PARENT OR
GUARDIAN?

11. INSIDE YOUR HOME:
KITCHEN
 Move handles to the back of the stovetop
 Always use oven mitts when moving hot pots or
pans
 Keep child at least 3 feet away from oven,
stovetop, hot objects
 If your child wants to help in the kitchen, give them
a safe and easy alternative!
 No walkers near the oven/stove
 When rinsing hands under the kitchen sink, use
cool water or lukewarm
 Make sure food is cool enough to eat before
serving

12.  Put hot straighteners and
curling irons away
*beware of cords*
 Make sure to test bathwater
with wrist or elbow for true
temperature
 Always have a towel ready for your child so
you don’t have to leave them alone
 Beware of toilet flushes so the water won’t
change temperature!
 Use cold water before adding warm water to
a bath
INSIDE YOUR HOME:
BATHROOM

13. INSIDE YOUR HOME:
BEDROOM
 Never place hot liquids (coffee, tea, soup) on night
stands that are accessible to your child
 Keep hot irons and steamers away from children
 If you use candles or incense, place these away
from the edge of counters and tables
 Beware of electrical outlets and the potential for
house fires—safety outlet plugs
 Keep all chemicals (bleach, house cleaner) in an
area where your child won’t get into them
 Check smoke alarms in your home once a month
and replace batteries twice a year

14. OUTSIDE YOUR HOME:
COMMON ACTIVITIES
 The Sun/Your Car:
Always put sunscreen on your child
(at least 15spf) and use hats/clothing to cover up
skin. Park your car in a shaded area to avoid
burns from hot seat belts/buckles.
 Playground:
If you’re child enjoys the playground at the park,
beware of hot swings, slides, and jungle gyms
during the day. Try going later in the day when it
has cooled down or earlier in the morning.

15. OUTSIDE YOUR HOME:
SUMMER ACTIVITIES
 Campfires:
 Never let your child
start a fire while camping and always keep a
flame retardant to put out any uncontrollable
flames.
 Fireworks:
 Never allow your child to light fireworks on their
own and always supervise them if you use
sparklers or other small fireworks.

16. TYPES OF BURNS
1st Degree Burn
 Signs/Symptoms:
 Redness of skin
 Slight swelling
 Pain—no blisters
 Treatment:
 Run cool water
 Apply dry sterile
bandage
*Do not use butter,
creams, ointments, Aloe
Vera*
These can trap the heat
and cause more pain
2nd Degree Burn
 Signs/Symptoms:
 Redness/blotchy
appearance
 Blisters—swelling/pain
 Oozing/moist
appearance
 Treatment:
 Run cool water
 Apply dry sterile
bandage
 May need to seek
medical attention!

17. TYPES OF BURNS (CONT.)
3rd Degree Burns
 Signs/Symptoms:
 Depth of wound—may be
charred/little pain
 Skin layers destroyed
 Nerve endings destroyed
 Treatment:
 If on fire: stop, drop, roll
 Call 9-1-1 immediately
 Run cool water/elevate
 Do not remove anything!
4th Degree Burns
 Signs/Symptoms:
 Redness/irritation/pain
 Black dead skin
 Vomiting/numbness
 Vision changes (eyes)
 Treatment:
 Flush area with water for
20 mins.
 Remove clothing carefully
 Seek medical attention!

18. NON LIFE THREATS:
BREAKS
 Do not move the affected area—stabilize it
 Call 9-1-1 *if you can avoid calling an ambulance
then at least you will know what to do*
 Just because a person can move the joint, does not
mean it is not broken!
 Bad signs from a break:
 Cold
 Lethargic
 Nauseous
 Tired

19. BREAKS (CONT.)
 Femur fractures/breaks:
 Can be life threatening!
 Complications—blood clots, pneumonia,
infection
 Injured Tooth:
 Keep moist (milk preferred)
 Go to the dentist to evaluate
 Baby teeth are the structure for adult teeth
(EVALUATE)
 Additional damage could be found

20. NON LIFE THREATS:
BITES AND STINGS
 Human Bites:
 Clean wound with
soap/water
 Ice pack—for swelling
 Bandage if needed
 Animal Bites:
 Clean wound with
soap/water
 Ice pack
 Bandage with sterile
dressing
 Call animal control
 Snake Bites:
 Retreat from snake
 Stay calm
 Do not cut/suck venom
out
 Seek medical attention

21. BITES AND STINGS (CONT.)
 Bee Stings:
 Scrape/flip the stinger
off—do not pull
 Clean with soap/water
 Ice pack—for swelling
 Hydrocortisone
 Severe reaction?
Call 9-1-1
 Black Widow/Brown
Recluse:
 Watch for reactions
 Contact poison control
 Insect Bites:
 Small children, elderly,
and those with a
medical condition can
have severe reactions
 Scorpion Sting:
 No visible mark—
burning pain/numbness
 Watch for reactions
 Contact poison control

22. LIFE THREATS:
MENTAL STATUS
 Normal=awake and oriented
 Altered=awake minus oriented
 Ask questions/observe behavior
What is your name?
Where are you?
What day is it?
Who is the president?
 If parent/caregiver is present, use them for reference
Medications?
Conditions?
 Unconscious=not awake, not oriented

23. MENTAL STATUS (CONT.)
 Seizures:
 Bring them to the ground
or they will fall
 Make sure airway is
clear
 Do not put anything in or
around the mouth
 Check for breathing
*sometimes vomiting
can occur—choking*
 Drinking too much
 Medications
 Head injuries
 Epilepsy
 Dehydration:
 Cheerleaders, wrestlers,
hikers most prone
 Signs:
Twitching
Diaper changes
Dizziness
 Treatments:
Emergen-C + Airborne—
gatorade without sugar
Pedialyte
Put wet cloth around neck
Eat every 2-3 hours

24. MENTAL STATUS (CONT.)
 Diabetics:
 Our brain needs: oxygen, electrolytes, sugar
 Each child/adult/elder is different
 Look for bracelets—diabetes/medical
 Rapid change in mental status
 Subtle signs:
Low Blood Sugar:
Cool/clammy skin
Dancing around/saying strange things
High Blood Sugar
Hot/dry skin
Lethargic/tired

25. MENTAL STATUS (CONT.)
 Treatment for Diabetics:
 Give them sugar to determine blood sugar
levels
Pixie stix, lollipops, etc. (no loose, hard
candies—they may choke)
Put sugar under their tongue to get in
bloodstream faster
 If changes do not appear
in behavior within 15
minutes, assume it is
high blood sugar
 Call 9-1-1 immediately

26. MENTAL STATUS (CONT.)
 Stroke:
 Numbness or weakness on one side of the body
“Can you smile for me?”
“Lift both of your arms up”
 Blurred vision/slurred speech
 Dizziness and unbalanced movement
*Victim may not have all the symptoms, if unsure call
911*
 Treatment:
 Call 9-1-1 immediately
 Keep victim calm as possible
No food or drink

27. LIFE THREATS:
CIRCULATORY
 Arterial bleeds:
 These can be life threatening—“bleed with a beat”
 Pressure is applied to contain, not stop blood flow
 Pump problems
 Cardiac arrest: CPR
 No blood pump to the brain
 No reaction/heart stops
 Heart attack: CALL and CALM
 Chest pain
 Difficulty breathing
 Heart burn
 Stomach acid

28. LIFE THREATS:
AIRWAY
Choking:
 Adults/Children:
Hands holding neck
Cannot talk
 Infants:
No noise
Crying silently
 Precautions:
No toys in car seat
Watch children carefully
Always ask for consent to help with adults/children!

29. LIFE THREATS:
BREATHING
 Asthma
 Use inhaler if available *only their own*
 Keep victim calm—call 911 if serious
 Anaphylaxis Shock (allergic reaction)
 Blocked airway/difficulty breathing
 Hives or swelling of the eyes, face, tongue, throat
 Contact 9-1-1 immediately—death can occur within
15 minutes
 Use Epi-pen if available—hold thigh and push into
side of thigh for 5 seconds
 Do not remove clothing for injection!

30. RESOURCES
 Emergency:
 9-1-1
 Non-Emergency:
 480-350-8311
 Advanced Burn Life Support (AZ Burn Center):
 602-344-5637
 Maricopa County Animal Care and Control:
 602-506-7387
 Liberty Wildlife Animal Preservation
 480-998-5550
 Arizona Poison Control Help Line:
 1-800-362-0101
 National Poison Control Help Line:
 1-800-222-1222

31. QUESTIONS?

32. Thanks!
Crystal Carrillo
crystal_carrillo@tempe.gov
Heart Savers CPR/First Aid Certified Instructor