Enlightenment 442s

1. The
Enlightenment
OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY

2. The Enlightenment
 Intellectual and philosophical movement
characterized by the belief in the power of
human reason and by innovation in
political, religious, educational doctrine,
and human rights.
 New ideas challenged old beliefs
 Emphasized reason above tradition
 Promoted scientific thought
 Latin for “dare to know”
 Enlightenment thinkers were also known as
philosophes

3. WHERE?
• EUROPE:
• FRANCE
• ENGLAND
• GERMAN STATES
• AMERICA
• LATIN AMERICA

4. John Locke
• BORN: 1632
• DIED: 1704
• English
• Considered the most influential of the
Enlightenment thinkers
• “Father of Liberalism”
• “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
(1689)
• “Two Treatises of Government” (1690)
• Individuals have both a right and a duty to
preserve their own lives
• Locke identified "life, liberty, and property” as
natural rights

5. Montesquieu
• Born: 1689
• Died:1755
• French nobleman
• Published The Spirit of Laws which
described the best way to rule government
was through separation of powers

6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Born: 1712
Died: 1778
French
Criticized the governance and idea of absolute kings.
“The Social Contract” (1762)
An agreement between government and individuals, in
which sacrifices are made on behalf of the governed for
protection is the basis of the social contract

7. Simón Bolívar

8. Impact
Social Changes: increased
criticism towards the
stratification of society
Political Changes:
separation of powers, French
and American Revolutions
Economic Changes:
individual prosperity

9. **Selected segments of video will be shared

10. 3-2-1 Exit Ticket
SHARE 3 NEW IDEAS OR
WORDS YOU LEARNED
SHARE 2 INTERESTING FACTS
YOU DID NOT KNOW
ASK 1 QUESTION YOU STILL
HAVE