Course material 2144 s17

1. Art and science of communication
continued…
Cormac McGrath
LIME

2. §Part one
§Communication,
perception and
limitations in
understanding &
learning
§Part two
§Presentation
technique
§To communicate a
message
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 2

3. 24/01/2017 3Cormac McGrath
Summary of morning’s session
• Communication, perception and limitations in understanding
& learning
• Good communication takes place when the presenter’s intended
message has been internalised by the listener
• Too much information, inhibits learning and understanding
• Too much one-way talking could be taxing for the audience
• Esoteric Jargon complicates things

4. §There are statements posted around the room.
§Read each statement. If you agree with it, or if you
disagree with it, make a mark with a pen.

5. § In the beginning of your “communications” career, then it is most important to
focus on the facts of your presentation, getting as much said as possible about
your topic, in an accurate and representative way.

6. Ethos
§ a yr 9 student can never engage the same type (amount) of ethos as a fortune
500 CEO on matters of corporate taxes.
_______________________________________________________________

7. Pathos
§ As a speaker you have a responsibility for your listeners well-being and should
never upset them.
______________________________________________________________

8. Let’s analyse this presentation together:
§ To view the video, go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATfY8dvbuFg

9. Your presentation
§ Main points
§ Level of depth
§ Audience, language, what do you need to retain?
§ Do you have a call to action?
§ Ethos: establishing credibility for you and the research area
§ Logos: How do you structure your arguments, how do they lead and follow from
each other
§ Pathos: what are the emotional dimensions to your presentations.
§ Start building a structure, share, compare and get feedback.

10. 24/01/2017
Cormac McGrath
Model for planning your speech: Model one the
didactical model
Who?
What?Why?
10

11. 24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath
Target group- Who?
§ Age? Gender?
§ Occupation?
§ Knowledge?
§ Experience?
§ Expectations?
§ Cultural context?
§ Number?
§ Needs?
§ Interest?
11

12. 24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath
What?
§ Context?
§ Time?
§ Content?
§ How much information?
§ What level?
§ Language (specialist-
general)?
§ Take home message?
§ Media?
Take home message
12

13. 24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath
§ Introduce?
§ Inform?
§ Inspire?
§ Convince?
Why?
§ To learn?
§ Remember?
§ Understand?
§ Be inspired?
You Them
Purpose
13

14. Some tips
§ Know your audience
§ Content, content, content
§ KISS (Keep It Short and Simple)
§ Outline your talk (pen & paper, board, post-its)
§ Have a clear structure
§ What is your point?
§ Tell a story – “Think conversation, not performance”, Sir Kenneth
Robinson
§ Passion and enthusiasm are contagious
§ First / Last impressions count
§ Make eye contact, use gestures, avoid fillers (ah, urm, well, so, like, etc.)

15. 24/01/2017 15Cormac McGrath24/01/2017 15Cormac McGrath
Your presentation
• What is the basic information you wish to convey?
• What is the right amount of information?
• Be specific, share with your partner!
• Critique each other

16. Modes of persuasion: Model 2 the rhetorical
devices
§Ethos:
§Credibility:
§Logos:
§Logical arguments, reasoning
§Pathos:
§Emotional aspects
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 16

17. Ethos
§ Ethos: who are you? What has been
done in the field previously?

18. Logos
§ Logos: How do you present a
coherent argument from what you
have said? Hard facts.

19. Logos
§ All men are mortal
§ Cormac is a man
§ Cormac is mortal
The arguments you present have to follow in a discernable and logically sound
sequence.

21. Pathos
§ Pathos: What is the human aspect of
your presentation? Why should I
care?

22. Consider your presentation
§ Ethos: who are you? What has
been done in the field previously?
§ Logos: How do you present a
coherent argument from what you
have said? Hard facts.
§ Pathos: What is the human aspect
of your presentation? Why should
I care?
§ Ethos
§ Pathos
§ Logos
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 22

23. § Ethos: It can be used to gain credibility: "The 1990 consensus reports that fifty
percent of all marriages will end in divorce.”
§ Pathos: Awakens a sense of involvement "Turn and look at the person sitting
next to you. One of the two of you will get a divorce.”
§ Logos: Present the hard facts "Because one out of every two marriages here in
the United States ends in divorce, it is imperative we reform the court system to
have a more fair resolve in settlements for both women and men."
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 23

24. § And they can be blended together:
§ "The 1990 census report has found that 50% of all marriages end in divorce.
That means that one out of every two marriages are not successful. It could be
yours; it could be the person's sitting next to you. And if you are a woman, your
chances of a fair settlement are far lower than if you are a man. We must reform
our court system."
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 24

25. Break

26. Voice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28_0gXLKLbk

27. Non-verbal communication, signals
§Body language
§ Gestures
§ Appearance
§Requires less cognitive resources to process
§Can be practiced, but difficult to perform
deliberately when presenting
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 27

28. Dealing with Esoteric Jargon
§ is the time required for a quantity to reduce its initial value. The term is
commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms
undergo, or how long stable atoms survive, radioactive decay. The term is also
used more generally to characterize any type of exponential or non-exponential
decay.
§ What is…?
§ https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_me?language=en

29. A few rhetorical devices
§ Cultural references: icons of a generation
§ Repetition
§ Anaphora: Repeating a sentiment in the
beginning of each phrase, sentence.
§ Dental hygiene is a concern for …If you care about
dental hygiene…. We need to invest in dental
hygience...
§ Anadiplosis: The last word or phrase is
repeated to begin the next.
§ “Suffering breeds character; character breeds faith.” –
Rev. Jesse Jackson
§ you must make every effort to support your faith with
goodness, and goodness with knowledge, and
knowledge with self-control, and self-control with
endurance, and endurance with godliness, and
godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affection
with love” ( The Bible, II Peter 1:5 – 7)
§ “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads
to suffering.” – Popular culture figure, short and green.
https://youtu.be/3vDWWy4CMhE

30. Remember
§ Practice makes for a good presentation, a good presentation will help your
audience understand your science, understanding your science is important for
everyone, for you as an individual and society at large, and remember society is
funding your science.

31. Critical analysis
§ How would you introduce your topic? Catch people’s attention?
§ How would you change/tweak the presentation to different audiences?
§ What does grandma need to know?
§ How would you pitch the idea to the HR manager at a local firm?
§ Why should KI fund your research?
§ Considering Ethos/Pathos/Logos, how would you adapt the presentation to
incorporate those aspects of public speaking?
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 31

32. Wrapping things up
§ Make sure what you want to say
§ Plan it carefully!
§ Lighten up on the details!
§ Focus on a clear Take home message
§ Adopt different modes of persuasion
§ Ethos
§ Logos
§ Pathos
24/01/2017 Cormac McGrath 32

33. Useful links
Garr Reynolds’s website on Presentation Skills
http://www.garrreynolds.com/preso-tips/
Garr Reynolds’s TedEx Talk “Story, Imagery and the Art of 21st
Century Presentations
http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Story-Imagery-the-Art-of-21st-
2;search%3Agarr%20reynolds
University of Leicester on Delivering an Effective Presentation
http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/presentations/delivering-presentation
University of Leicester on Designing a Poster (20-minute tutorial)
https://connect.le.ac.uk/posters