2. 5 Factors Affecting LLS Usage
• Motivation
• Gender
• Duration of Learning
• Ethnic and Culture
• Age
3. Motivation
Intergrative
• Positive attitude of a learner
to the elements if the
language he/she is studying
Instrumental
• Studies targeted language
with motive, to pass a test,
completely functional
reason
4. Gender
• Female’s verbal aptitude differs from male’s
(Maccoby and Jacklin,1974)
• Female’s verbal skills commence from
childhood and mature rapidly
5. Duration of Learning
• Students who have studied for a longer period
of time use more strategies compared to
beginners (Erhman, 1990)
• Beginners uses picturing strategies whereas,
medium period learners put the phrase in a
meaningful language sequence in learning
vocabulary (Cohen and Ahpek, 1981)
6. Ethnic and Culture
• Different ethnic and culture have different ways
to educate language learners
• Some students are fond of using language in daily
basis because they belong to a community which
allow the freedom to express ideas.
• However, in communities where students feel
their ideas might be offensive, likes to keep ideas
to themselves, thus less speaking (Corbett, 1999)
7. Age
• Intuitively, adult learners are more efficient
compared to younger learners
• A slightly aged language learner advantages in
terms of the acquisition of syntax and
morphology (Scarcella and Oxford, 1992)