This document discusses 5 factors that affect second language learning: 1) Aptitude, including natural ability and skills, which Gardner and Skehan found to be a major determinant of success. Some learners struggle with word functions and applying grammar rules. 2) Motivation, as unmotivated learners who don't see a need to use the second language are less likely to adopt learning strategies. 3) Learning difficulties, as second languages are not linked to intelligence, so some with difficulties can still succeed. 4) Proficiency, with both low and high proficiency learners using communication strategies effectively, though in different ways. 5) Gender, as females reportedly use social and metacognitive strategies more, while males favor metac

1. 5 Factors Affecting
LLS
By:
Nur Fajrina Binti Mahzan
A143859

2. No Aptitude
[ Natural ability or skills of doing something]
 Gardner (1980) and Skehan (1989) have reported
that aptitude is a major factor determining the
level of success of second language learning
For some learners, they have problems in
understand the function of words in a particular
sentence.
They also have difficulties in applying the
grammatical rules

3. Motivation
• Students who thinks that they will not need to
use the second language, they will not motivate
themselves
• Learners who continuously motivate
themselves will adopt learning strategies and
tend to use it more frequently then the less
motivate learners – reported by Mclntyre and
Noels (1996)

4. Learning Difficulties
• Second language is not related or linked with
intelligence so many students who have learning
difficulties are able to succeed in their second
language

5. Proficiency
• found that even learners with low proficiency
can utilize their communication strategies
better than high proficient learners
• high-proficiency learners practicing linguisticbased communication strategies more frequent
than low-proficiency learners, while the latter
mainly made use of knowledge-based strategies

6. Gender
• Female use strategies > Male
• According to research conducted, female
learners reported to use Social and
Metacognitive strategies more than other
strategies
• Male learners apply Metacognitive and
Compensation strategies most.