This is Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory.

1. SIGMUND FREUD

2. SIGMUND FREUD
o born on May 6, 1856 in Moravia
o Austrian neurologist
o developed the field of psychoanalysis in the late
19th and early 20th centuries
o developed many theories including those that
focus on the unconscious, the interpretation of
dreams, Id, ego, and superego and what is
referred to as…..…….

3. PPSSYYCCHHOOSSEEXXUUAALL
DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT
Theory of Sigmund Freud

5.  Freud based this theory upon
the Greek tragedy by
Sophocles Oedipus Rex and is
often referred to as Oedipus
Complex
 states that human beings,
from birth, possess an
instinctual libido (sexual
energy) that develops in five
stages

6. Psychosexual Development
 Freud believed that adult
personality problems were the
result of early experiences in
life.
 He believed that we go
through five stages of
psychosexual development
and that at each stage of
development we experience
pleasure in one part of the
body than in others.

7.  Freud thought that our
adult personality is
determined by the way we
resolve conflicts between
these early sources of
pleasure—the mouth, the
anus and the genitals—and
the demands of reality.

8. What are erogenous zones?
 from Greek eros “love” and
English –genous “producing”
from Greek –genes “born”
 Erogenous zones are parts of the
body that have especially strong
pleasure-giving qualities,
heightened sensitivity, the
stimulation of which may result
in the production of sexual
fantasies, sexual arousal and
orgasm at particular stages of
development.

9. What is fixation?
 Fixation is the
psychoanalytic
defense mechanism
that occurs when the
individual remains
locked in an earlier
developmental stage
because needs are
under- or over-gratified

10. Examples of fixation
 Weaning a child too early
or until too late
 Being too strict in toilet
training the child
 Punishing the child for
masturbation
 Smothering the child with
too much attention

12. I. Oral Stage
 It occurs during the first
18 months of life when
the infant’s pleasure
centers on the mouth.
 During this time, an infant is
focused with receiving oral
pleasure.

13. They are therefore preoccupied with the
mouth-related activities:
sucking
bbiittiinngg
ssaattiissffyyiinngg
hhuunnggeerr
chewing

14. Fixations at oral stage:

15. Fixations at oral stage:

16. II. Anal Stage
 It is the second stage of
oral development that
occurs between 1 ½ until 3
years of age, in which the
child’s greatest pleasure
involves the anus or the
eliminative functions
associated with it.

17. II. Anal Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
exercise of anal muscles
reduces tension.

18. II. Anal Stage
 Through toilet
training, the child
comes in contact with
the rules of society.

19. Fixations at anal stage:
ANAL EXPULSIVE
CHARACTER
ANAL RETENTIVE
CHARACTER

20. III. Phallic Stage
 It occurs between the ages of
3-6.
 The word “phallic” comes the
Latin word “phallus,” which
means “penis.”
 During this stage, pleasure
focuses on the genitals as
the child discovers that self-stimulation
is enjoyable.

21. Importance of Phallic Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
phallic stage has a
special importance in
personality development
because this period
triggers the Oedipus
Complex.

22. What is the Oedipus Complex?
 The Oedipus Complex
is the young child’s
development of an
intense desire to
replace the parent of
the same sex and
enjoy the affection of
the opposite-sex
parent.

23. Resolving the Oedipus Complex
 At about 5-6 years of age, children
recognize that their same-sex
parent might punish them for their
incestuous wishes.
 To reduce the conflict, the child
identifies with the same-sex parent,
striving to be like him/her.
 If the conflict is not resolved, the
individual may become fixated at
the phallic stage.

24. Fixation at Phallic Stage

25. Fixation at Phallic Stage

26. IV. Latency Stage
 It occurs at approximately between 6
years of age until puberty.
 Latent means hidden
 At this stage, the child represses all
interest in sexuality and develops social
and intellectual skills. Sexual drives are
now expressed in socially accepted
forms; friends, clubs, school, fun and
problem-solving activities

27. IV. Latency Stage
 The O e d ip a l a nd
Ele c tra c o nflic ts a re
re s o lve d .
 Children interact and
play mostly with
same sex peers.

28. IV. Latency Stage
 Freud thought that most sexual
impulses are repressed during
the latent stage and sexual
energy can be sublimated
towards school work, hobbies
and friendships.
 Primitive drives over the past 6
years develop into reasonable
human being with complex
feelings including shame, guilt
and disgust.

29. IV. Latency Stage
 The pursuit of social and
academic activities
channels much of the
child’s energy into
emotionally safe areas
and aids the child in
forgetting the highly
stressful conflicts of the
phallic stage

30. V. Genital Stage
 The final stage of
psychosexual development
occurs from puberty
onwards.
 It is the time of sexual
reawakening, but the
source of sexual pleasure
now becomes someone
outside the
family.

31. V. Genital Stage
 Freud believed that sexual
desires/urges are once again
awakened due to puberty.
 Freud believed that unresolved
conflicts with parents re-emerged
during adolescence.
 During the final stage of
psychosexual development, the
individual develops a strong
sexual interest in the opposite
sex.

32. V. Genital Stage
 This stage begins during puberty but last
throughout the rest of a person’s life.
 Where in earlier stages, the focus was solely on
individual needs, interest in the welfare of others
grows during this stage. If other stages have been
completed successfully, the individual should now be
well-balanced, warm, and caring. Also, the
individual is now capable of developing a mature
love relationship and functioning independently as
an adult.
 The goal of this stage is to establish a balance
between the various life areas.

33. STRUCTURAL MODEL OF
PERSONALITY
 The id (or it) - is the
primitive and
instinctive
component of
personality.
 The Ego (or I) - the
ego is 'tha t p a rt o f
the id which ha s
be e n m o d ifie d by the
d ire c t influe nc e o f
the e x te rna l wo rld '
(Freud 1923).

34. STRUCTURAL MODEL OF
PERSONALITY
 The Superego (or above I) - The superego
incorporates the values and morals of
society which are learned from one's
parents and others. It develops around the
age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of
psychosexual development.
 The superego consists of two systems:
- The conscience
- The ideal self

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