2. CONTENTS
๏ Introduction
๏ History
๏ Brain gate pilot device
๏ Underlying principle
๏ Components
๏Working
๏ Transmission of information
๏ Software
๏ Research in human
๏ Advantages
๏ Limitation
๏ Future scope
๏ References
๏ Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
What is Brain Gate Technology?
๏Brain gate is a neuroprosthetic device that
converts brain activity into computer
commands.
๏This system is designed to help those who have
lost control of their limbs,
๏or other bodily functions, such as patients
๏with amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or
๏spinal cord injury.
4. DEVELOPMENT
๏Company and Scientist:
๏ Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the
bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction
with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown
University.
5.
6. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE
๏ถ The brain is hardwired with
connections, which are made by
billions of neurons that make
electrical signals whenever they
are stimulated
๏
โThe principle of operation of
the Brain Gate Neural Interface
System is that with intact brain
function, neural signals are
generated even
though they are not sent to the
arms, hands and legsโ
7. The components in this system
โข The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter
square silicon chip studded
with 100 hair-thin
microelectrodes is embedded
in the primary motor cortex
the region of the brain
responsible for controlling
movement
โข The connector: When the user
thinks โmove cursor up and
downโ, the cortical neurons fire
in a distinctive pattern: the signal
is transmitted through the
pedestal plug attached to the
skull
8. Continuedโฆ
โข The converter: The signal
travels to a shoebox-sized
amplifier mounted on the
userโs wheelchair, where
itโs converted to optical
data and bounced by fiber-optic
cable to a computer.
โข The computer: The
computer translates brain
activity and creates the
communication output
using custom decoding
software
9. WORKING
๏ง The Brain Gate neural interface device
is a brain-computer interface that
consist of an Inter neural signal
sensor and External Processors.
๏ง The sensor consists of a tiny chip
containing 100 microscopic electrodes
that detect brain cell electrical activity.
๏ง The chip is implanted on the surface of
brain in the motor cortex area that
controls movement
Motor Cortex
Area(controls
Movement)
10. WORKING(cont.) โข External Processors convert
neural signals into an output
signal under the users own
control.
โข The computers translate brain
activity and create the
communication output using
custom decoding software.
11.
12. HOW INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED?
โข When a work is done through any
part of body then a potential
difference is created in the brain.
โข This potential difference is
captured by the electrodes and is
transmitted via fiber optic to the
Digitizer(external processor).
โข The digitizer converts the signal
into some 0โs and 1โs and that is
feed into the computer.
13. โข Thus a new path for
propagation of brain
commands from the brain
to the computer via Brain
Gate are created.
โข Now when external devices
are connected to the
computer work according
to the thought produced in
the brain.
14. Software behind Brain Gateโฆ
๏ถ The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding software.
๏ System uses translation algorithms written in
1) C++
2) JAVA
3) MATLAB
15. Brain Gate Research in Human
Mathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-computer
interface to restore functionality lost due to
paralysisโฆ
A boon to the paralyzed
17. Limitationsโฆ
๏ At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI
technology is the lack of sensor modality that
provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain
signals.
๏ It is very expensive.
๏ Information transformation rate is limited to 20
bits/min.
๏ Difficulty in adaptation and learning
19. References
โข Sixto Ortiz Jr., "Brain-Computer Interfaces: Where Human and
Machine Meet," Computer, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 17-21, Jan., 2007
โข F. Babiloni, A. Cichocki, and S. Gao, eds., special issue, โBrain-
Computer Interfaces: Towards Practical Implementations and
Potential Applications,โ ComputationalIntelligence and
Neuroscience, 2007
โข P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue,
โBrain Computer Interfaces,โ IEEE Signal Processing
Magazine,Jan. 2008
โข The MIT Press โ โToward Brain-Computer Interfacingโ
โข Wikipedia, HowStuffWorks and various other website sourcesโฆ