6. INTER-CITY PASSENGER CAR RALLY
300 Km around Berlin (60 km/h)
Fuel consumption (ICE)
4.8L/100 km (production)
3.7L/100 km (prototypes)
CO2 emission (well to wheel)
127g/km 91g/km (ICE)
~80 g/km (Electric)
7. BATTERY EV RALLY
120 Km around Berlin (60 km/h)
16 kWh/100 Km consumption
(1.79 L/100Km eq)
Diesel consumption (eq)
CO2 emission
72 g/Km
8. URBAN VEHICLE RALLY
30 km (30 stops)
4 wheeler consumption
15 kWh/100 km - 8 kWh/100 km
CO2 emission
68 g/km - 37 g/km
2 wheeler consumption
4 kWh/100 km
19 g/km
9. ACHIEVABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERY TARGETS
Price
Electric Motor 250 €/kWh
current
M
Cycle life
1500 cycles (>7 years)
Electrolyte Safety
☺
= Li+ Battery pack energy density
150 Wh/kg
10. TOWARDS REASONABLY PRICED
Battery price
ELECTRIC VEHICLES Cost-in-use
(€ for 100 km range) (€/100,000Km)
600 7500
€/kW
h
6000
400€/
kWh 4500
200€/kWh 3000
1500
0
Vehicle consumption (kWh/100 km)
11. GOING ELECTRIC IS AFFORDABLE...
Added
Cost
>2000-10000€/100km Full Battery Electric Drive
1500-3000€ Electric Drive (Plug-In Hybrid)
1300-2000€ Electric Take-off (Full Hybrid)
800-1500€ Engine Assistance (Mild Hybrid)
200-400€ Kinetic Energy Recovery (MicroMild hybrid)
60-100€ Stop & Start
12. ACHIEVABLE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TARGETS
Energy Stack price
Lower than 100 €/kW
M
Cycle life
>3000 cycles (>5 years)
Oxygen Hydrogen
Safety
Cathode
Water
Anode
☺
Stack power density
~1 kW/kg
13. BIOFUEL
Horizon
From today on
Cost
Possibly competitive with oil
Where
Anywhere it does not compete
against food or forest
14. CO2 SAVING
Carbon pricing
Necessary but not decisive
Other initiatives
Set stable long term, internally
consistent objectives
Define other incentives such as
vehicle use and performance
15. TOWARDS 100G CO2/KM (WELL TO WHEEL)
The market will not do it alone
Regulatory leadership
is essential
Technical solutions
are available
16. ROAD SAFETY
IN TRADITIONALLY MOTORIZED COUNTRIES
Priorities
Develop ITS and
crash avoidance systems
Develop a holistic
regulatory approach
17. ROAD SAFETY IN MOTORIZING COUNTRIES
Priorities for reducing
accidents
Education
Reducing mixed trafic
Positive business case
The human cost on businesses
is very high; around 30%
of crashes are work related
Each € invested in road safety
returns 15 €
18. ITS TECHNOLOGY
Why
To make urban mobility more
efficient and safer
Requirements
Seamless information sharing
between users, service providers
When
Technology exists. Global
implementation still to come
19. MASS AND SAFETY
Crashworthiness and light weight
are not mutually exclusive
Safety
Mass Policies & regulations need
to take a holistic approach
Safety to both road safety
Mass & environmental issues
20. NATURAL GAS:
THE PROMISE OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE?
CO2 benefits (>20%)
Proven gas reserves and wider
geographic availability
Likely long-term price advantage
versus oil
Need for long-term political
commitment
21. BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY
The cheapest and fastest way to
start implementing an efficient
public transport.
New technologies: hybridation,
electric power train, ITS will
permit a better efficiency
22. TRUCK LOGISTICS
Inter-city: new generation trucks
permit a better efficiency. Road
transport: the best partner for
economic development.
Intra-city: new dedicated delivery
hybrid trucks
