Development of synthetic maize germplasm according to silage quality. Rahime Cengiz

1. Development of Synthetic Maize
Source Material According to Silage
Quality Values
Rahime Cengiz, Ahmet Duman, Niyazi Akarken, Mesut
Esmeray, M.Cavit Sezer
Maize Research Institute, Sakarya/TURKEY
Dr. Rahime CENGIZ
National Maize Program Coordinator
13th Asian Maize Conference
Ludhiana, India
8-10 October 2018

2. Corn breeders have become
increasingly aware importance
of the genetic diversity of
germplasm in the 20th century.
In the future, genetic gains in
corn depend on the use of
genetic diversity. It is
necessary to combine different
and useful genetic diversity
and develop germplasm in
breeding programs with needs
to make these gains at an
effective and important level.
Introduction

3. Priority characters in
germplasm selection; abiotic
stress tolerance (drought, low
and high temperature, salinity),
resistance to diseases (leaf
blight, ear and stem rot,
anthracnose), resistance to
insects (corn borer), yield and
yield components and grain and
silage quality (protein, oil,
starch, NDF, ADF, cellulose ratio,
etc.). Breeders use different
methods for developing
germplasm.
Introduction

4. There are breeding programs for
silage separate from grain maize in
the world. Unlike grain maize, plant
characteristics are also at the
forefront. After silage is done,
digestibility and feed quality are
important factors. For the
development of quality silage
varieties, parents should also come
from this breeding program. It is
possible to develop quality silage
hybrid corn varieties with inbred lines
which are developed by selection
according to the silage quality values.
Introduction

5. The silage yield experiment was
established in 2009 with 17 inbred
lines selected according to features
such as plant height, number of
leaves and stay green. NDF, ADF,
crude fiber, crude protein and crude
oil values were evaluated in the
experiment in addition to leaf/stem
ratio, stalk/plant ratio, stem/plant
ratio, green plant yield. 9 lines were
selected considering green plant
yield and silage quality parameters
(SQPs).
Material
Milk line

6. 6
Method
In the experiments, 95240
plants/ha plant density was
used. Silage quality parameters
(SQPs) are determined by
classical method.
Quality
Standard
ADF % NDF %
The best <31 <40
1 31-35 40-46
2 36-40 47-53
3 41-42 54-60
4 43-45 61-65
5 >45 >65
Silage quality parameters of NDF
and ADL quality standard value

7. Lines NDF % ADF %
Crude
cellulose %
Protein % Oil %
Green Plant
Yield (GPY)
(t/ha)
ADK 433 45.9 45.1 20.9 8.3 1.42 61.77
ADK 434 45.2 45.6 23.2 10.7 1.04 40.56
ADK 438 43.5 45.5 23.2 9.4 1.45 51.13
ADK 451 42.4 46.6 20.3 9.2 1.72 57.69
ADK 455 46.9 45.1 23.5 8.7 1.29 59.12
ADK 514-1 31.3 41.7 15.8 9.5 2.23 30.90
ADK 533 40.7 46.1 22.2 9.1 2.07 41.87
ADK 604 44.7 44.8 21.9 10.3 1.95 39.64
ADK 651 43.2 46.3 21.1 9.4 2.15 36.02
ADK 689 37.3 44.2 19.2 8.5 2.98 50.46
ADK 694 42.3 45.2 20.2 9.9 1.60 50.54
ADK 719 43.3 46.0 21.5 9.1 2.56 40.87
ADK 720 45.3 44.5 20.5 10.6 1.32 46.27
ADK 726 44.7 46.3 21.9 10.4 2.14 42.88
ADK 728 45.3 46.7 21.9 9.9 1.86 53.78
ADK 733 41.0 46.2 21.5 9.6 2.19 40.03
MAE 9301 45.6 47.9 25.8 8.4 1.42 61.76
CV % 6.9 2.4 8.8 11.2 31.6 6.6
Significant ** ** ** ns ** **
Silage yield trial of inbred lines, GPY and SQPs in dry matter

8. 36 number of half diallel crosses were made among the
selected lines. In 2011, hybrids were tested with check
varieties for GPY and SQPs. Silage quality values and GPY
were evaluated together and selected number of 15
combinations.
Results and Discussion
Parameters GPY (t/h) Dry
Matter %
ADF % NDF % ADL % Crude
cellulose
%
All half
diallel
hybrids
28.9-80.3 27.7-34.1 32.5-39.7 39.2-
49.0
6.9-13.3 18.8-27.8
Selected
half diallel
hybrids
28.9-65,0 28.6-34.1 32.5-36.6 39.2-
43.7
6.9-11.5 18.8-23.8

9. An equal amount of seeds were mixed from the selected
hybrid combinations to provide a physical mixture. For the
homogenous distribution of the genetic structure, this
material was cultivated to form a recombination block and
crossed plant in blocks to obtain the starting material for
population breeding in 2012.
Results and Discussion

10. 10
1.Year
Self-
pollinated
blocks of
starting
material
Population Breeding Cycle
3. Year
Recombination
block
2. Year
Progeny
control
yield test
ADASLJSYN S1C1
Results and Discussion

11. According to the S1 recurrent selection method, the
obtained starting population was planted in 2013. In starting
population, 562 self-fertilization were made and 142 families
were selected at harvest. Selected S1 families were established
"progeny silage yield test" in 2014. The experiment was based
on 12x12 lattice trial design. Four check hybrids were also
included in the experiment.
Parameters GPY (t/h) ADF % NDF % ADL % Crude
cellulose
%
S1 families 48.14-
102.4
26.4-43.5 37.4-65.4 0.8-9.8 9.3-25.7
Check
Hybrids
80.14-
102.7
28.5-33.5 45.6-55.6 2.8-5.4 15.2-15.6
Results and Discussion

12. Progeny control silage yield test results and silage quality
values were evaluated together and 34 families were
selected from the population.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSİON
26,4
32,837,4
43,1
7,6
0,8
9,3
22,5
102,4
48,1
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33
ADF %
NDF %
ADL %
Crude Cellulose %
GPY (t/ha)

13. Recombination block was created with selected families
and made cross between blocks. A cycle of population
breeding was completed by creating a recombination block and
ADASLJSYN S1 (C1) synthetic population was obtained at
harvest in 2016. The obtained population was used as a source
material for the development of new inbred lines and used as a
donor of doubled haploid (DH) lines by the corn breeders of
National Maize Program in 2017.
B BB BB B
RESULTS AND DISCUSSİON

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