A sustainable world is such in which a perfect harmony or balance is maintained in the ecological, societal and economic systems. To have a dream of sustainable world we need to make sure that people are aware of the meaning of sustainability and sustainable development and they put that into practice. Education is a means through which knowledge and skills are transferred to the young generation. Research Questions are what is the level of awareness of sustainable development among the students Does locality such as rural or urban play a role in the awareness of sustainable development among the students and Does gender play a role in the awareness of sustainable development among the students. Objectives of the Study are to evaluate the level of awareness of sustainable development among secondary school students , to find out whether location of region play any role in the awareness of sustainable development among secondary school students and to find out whether gender play any role in the awareness of sustainable development among secondary school students towards sustainable development. The population of the study includes all the Secondary School students of Hoogly district, West Bengal. Findings are the secondary school students of Hoogly district have moderate level of awareness of sustainable development; there is a significant difference between rural and urban students with regard to awareness of sustainable development. Rural students are significantly better in the awareness of sustainable development than those of urban students and there is a significant difference between male and female students with regard to awareness of sustainable development. Female students are significantly better in the awareness of sustainable development that those of male students.

1. Awareness of Sustainable Development among Secondary School
Students of Hoogly District
Chiranjit Sarkar1
1
Research Scholar, Dept. of Education, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana.
Abstract
A sustainable world is such in which a perfect harmony or balance is
maintained in the ecological, societal and economic systems. To have a
dream of sustainable world we need to make sure that people are aware
of the meaning of sustainability and sustainable development and they
put that into practice. Education is a means through which knowledge
and skills are transferred to the young generation. Research Questions
are what is the level of awareness of sustainable development among the
students Does locality such as rural or urban play a role in the awareness
of sustainable development among the students and Does gender play a
role in the awareness of sustainable development among the students.
Objectives of the Study are to evaluate the level of awareness of
sustainable development among secondary school students , to find out
whether location of region play any role in the awareness of sustainable
development among secondary school students and to find out whether
gender play any role in the awareness of sustainable development among
secondary school students towards sustainable development. The
population of the study includes all the Secondary School students of
Hoogly district, West Bengal. Findings are the secondary school
students of Hoogly district have moderate level of awareness of
sustainable development; there is a significant difference between rural
and urban students with regard to awareness of sustainable development.
Rural students are significantly better in the awareness of sustainable
development than those of urban students and there is a significant
difference between male and female students with regard to awareness
of sustainable development. Female students are significantly better in
the awareness of sustainable development that those of male students.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2718

2. Keyword: Sustainable Development.
Introduction
Education plays a vital role in student’s life. Only education can aware of sustainable
development among secondary school students. Here about the sustainable development,
secondary school students are consciousness not only Education development but also Socio-
economic development, political development, biodiversity development, demographic
development, environmental development etc. Accordingly, Educationalists, secondary
school students are become citizen. So, it is notified that how these students can remove and
will be conscious about water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, and cutting of the trees.
It will be examined that; student’s mental development will be well built also with the
physical development. If the students try to remove the above problems and be conscious
about sustainable development. The increase of the quality of the educational system in order
to achieve the sustainability. Sustainable development should not be only limited to schools
but also in every environment. It is generally agreed that sustainable development is one of
the best aspects that creates awareness and understanding of the relationship between humans
and their many environment-cultural, Political and Technological.
Concept of Sustainable Development
Sustainability word is taken from the Latin language having several meanings, but main
meaning is “maintain, “support” or “endure",” Sustain” means to maintain something through
time, “to keep it going”, “to extend its duration”. “Sustainability” means the ability or
capacity to sustain (maintain) something. “Sustainable” means able to be maintained. There
are many definitions of sustainable development which is Brundtland commission,
“sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
The concept of sustainable development contains the two key concepts:
The concept of needs in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which
overriding the priority should be given and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of
technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet present and future
needs.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2719

3. The eminent environmentalists Dr. M. S. Swami Nathan defines “Sustainable development
implies a future in which standard of life is improved would wise through economic
development where local environment and biosphere are protected and science is mobilized
to create new opportunities for human progress”. Abdul Kalam remarks, “Sustainable
development does not imply absolute limits to growth and it is not new name of
environmental protection, the concept leads a unique meaning to development and sets an
integrated target for the measurement of development which has a combination of parameters
Including economic status, poverty, education, health, women empowerment, harmony,
physical connectivity and environmental aspects”.
Raymond defines, “the most object and potentially measurable criteria for sustainable
development is the preservation of the productivity and full functioning of the resources
base”.
Stephen Viedman emphasizes that, “sustainability is a vision of the future that provides as
with a road map and helps to focus our attention on a set of values and ethical and moral
principles by which to guide our actions as individuals and in relation to the institutional
structures with which we have contact-governmental, and non-governmental, work-relations
and other”.
There are many dimensions of sustainable has been accepted at all are described as below,
such as
I Economic sustainability
II Social sustainability
III Ecological sustainability
IV Geographical sustainability
V Cultural sustainability
VI Biological sustainability
VII Demographic sustainability etc.
(I) Economic sustainability
Economic sustainability depends upon the relationship between benefits and costs. This is an
important aspect of sustainability. According to Mow forth and Munt economic sustainability
is not a condition which competes with other aspects of sustainability.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2720

4. (II) Social sustainability
Social sustainability reflects the relationship between development and current social norms.
These social norms are best on religion, tradition and custom. Social sustainability refers to
the ability of a community to absorb inputs. Such as extra people for short or long periods of
time and to continue functioning either without the creation of social disharmony or by
adopting its functions and affairs so that the disharmony created can be alleviated or
mitigated.
(III) Ecological sustainability
Ecological duration is considered as the only root cause for socio-cultural erosion.
Environment sustainability is presented as the priority goal of the concept of sustainable
development and is distinguished from economic and social sustainability. Maldonado, Hurt
ado, Mendoza and Saberio suggested that the Calculation of carrying capacities is an
important method of assessing environmental impact and sustainability.
Need and Significance of the Study
Sustainable development plays a vital role at present society. Sustainable development,
effects various aspects on like social, Economic, Political, educational, environmental
development. At present, Education emphasizes to increase the awareness of sustainable
development among secondary school students. As a result, students enable in conscious to
fulfill their social, political, economic structure, educational development. At present,
secondary school students don’t give their respect to their parents, their elders and teachers so
that the space of morality becomes demotion, for this reason so that a proper educational
system is built, we should at the side. Another factor is sustainable development; the system
of pass-fall is withdrawn up to VIII as a result is the value of education increased at the
stage? If it is not, then which needs are necessary it will be needed to aware about those facts
for making educational environment in future. Sustainable development will be needed to
aware of ecological development to the secondary school students which exists the earth for a
long time.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2721

5. Statement of the Problem
Awareness of Sustainable Development among Secondary School Students in Hooghly
District of W.B.
Objectives of the Study
OBJ1: To evaluate the awareness of secondary school students towards sustainable
development.
OBJ2: To compare the awareness of rural and urban secondary school students towards
Sustainable development.
OBJ3: To compare the awareness of boys and girls secondary school students towards
sustainable development.
Hypotheses of the Study
HY01: The awareness of secondary school students towards Sustainable development is not
high.
HY02: There is no significance difference between rural and urban secondary school student
towards Sustainable development.
HY03: There is no significance difference between boys and girls secondary school students
towards Sustainable development.
Delimitation of the Study
(i) This study will be restricted in Hooghly district.
(ii) This study is delimitation to only the secondary school students.
(iii) This study is delimitation to only ecological sustainability.
Review of Related Literature
Mohan; Khond and Patange (2016) worked on the topic "Some studies and investigations
on cleaner production of foundry industries for sustainable development". The objectives of
study were to analyse the current environmental performance of foundries to move for
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2722

6. sustainability, to identify the most significant parameter those are influencing environment
and energy consumption, to invent a relatively easily implementable framework for
sustainability for small and medium scale Indian foundry industry. In order to accomplish
above said objectives following methodology was adopted: -study on manufacturing process
and operational features of foundry, Exhaustive literature survey and industrial survey,
analysis and characterization of waste of wastes. Methods are used company records,
interviews of personnel, interviews of manager. Energy pattern was not linear. The
investigations reveal that use of cleaner production approach is beneficial in foundry in terms
of sustainable development. The study also recommends the various beneficial measures in
micro small medium scale ferrous foundries. In present investigation an attempt has been
made to contribute sustainable development through cleaner production approach for foundry
industries.
Nakisha and Manisha (2016) worked on the topic "sustainable development and impact on
Biodiversity in Bhiwani district (Haryana). This study aimed to document the variety of
diverse vegetation types beside amount their common names of vegetation inclination and
establishment of the plant species in the Haryana belonging to Britani district. This study
accomplished in the district viewing present condition of the flora variation. The objectives of
the study were the most important aim of this purposed research is to obtain the indigenous
uses of economically important species, motivate the natives to particulate in all aspects of
research including documentation of Ethnos botanical knowledge, to assess floristic diversity
of endangered or extinct species, framing the plan for biodiversity conservation. Data is
collected by the survey method. From the last few years the mining rate has increased several
times. It results in the loss of biodiversity of both flora and fauna and physiotherapist features
of the concerned region. After the mining operation in any area is over the sign of some lie
for decades and may be forever. It results in creation of so many environment related
problems and health hazards.
Surekha and Ramchurjee (2014) worked on the topic "Impact and potential contribution to
sustainable development in Karnataka”. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the
current status of ecotourism management and development in Karnataka, to analyse the
perceptions and attitudes of the local people on ecotourism , to examine the impacts of
ecotourism on the socio-economic and cultural lives of the local people and tourists, to assess
the impacts of ecotourism on biodiversity and the local environment, to propose possible
sustainable development and management strategies that can be used to strengthen
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2723

7. ecotourism -environment -community relationships. The two board research tools that were
utilized to conceptualizes and carry out the research survey were primary data and secondary
data collection such as observation and direct communication (i’s questionnaires and
interviews) methods. The conclusions of this study will be of immense significance to the
tourism industry especially with regards to ecotourism development, marketing and
promotion activities. This study has highlighted the importance of learning about the cultural
and traditional lives of the local people and the cultures of the tourists coming to Karnataka.
The study has also revealed that knowledge and awareness of the impacts of tourism is a
significant factor for the target group being able to satisfy their values.
Procedure of the Study
Methodology is a vital instrument for the growth and development of knowledge. This
chapter deals upon various part used in the study. It discussed sampling procedure, tools of
the study, data analysis technique, procedure of data collection.
Research Method
The descriptive survey method of investigation which attempts to describe and interpret that
exists at present in the form of conditions, practices, process, trends, efforts, attitudes,
believes etc. It means “what are the real facts with regard to the existing conditions”.
Population of the Study
Population is an important part of methodology. This present study population has selected in
secondary schools of Hooghly district.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
Sample is the representation of the population on which the study is for the present study.
The suitable sampling technique is stratified random sampling. How much to selected the
sample from the population which given to below.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2724

8. Figure-1.1
200 samples are selected on the secondary schools for this study. There rural school students
are 125 and urban students are 75. There boys’ students are 134 and girls’ students 66 from
the total 200 subjects.
TABLE -2.1.Variables wise distribution of the samples
SL. NO VARIABLES NUMBER TOTAL
1 Locality
(a) Rural
(b) urban
125
75 200
2 Gender
(a)boys
(b) girls
134
66 200
TOTAL 200
Hooghly
district
haripal
block
nalikul
deshbandhu
banimandir
kinkarbati
agricultural
institution
singur
block
madhubati
surabala
vidyamandir
tarakeswar
block
tarakeswar
high
school
tarakeswar
girl
school
Rural schools Urban schools
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2725

9. Procedure of Data Collection
At first, I collected the permission letter from the University for Data Collection. Then I gave
the permission letter to the head in charge of the students and he/she permitted me for data
collection, then the tools were given to the students of class IX and I instructed to the
students. There are 30 marks for 30 questions. At last data were collected from the students.
Tool of the Study
Tools are an important part of methodology. This tool was a two-point scale. It was a scale of
environmental awareness. This tool was to know the awareness of environment of secondary
school students. The reliability of the test on awareness of secondary school students towards
sustainable development was 0.737 found out with the help of Cranach’s Alpha by SPSS
which signifies that the test had a high reliability. The tool consisted of 30 items with
positive and negative items.
TABLE- 2.2
CATEGORIES ITEMS NO. TOTAL
Positive items 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21,23,25,26,
27,29,30
24
Negative items 6,10,16,22,24,28 6
TOTAL 30
SCORING PLAN
Positive items
YES 1
NO 0
Negative items
YES 0
NO 1
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2726

10. Pilot Study
After the preparation of the tool, the pilot study is needed to verify its appropriacy. The tool
administered on 50 students. The students did not have any differently in answering the
questions in the tool. Its norms are necessary for afterward interpretation on secondary
students easily. The norms table are given below.
TABLE- 2.3
PERCENTILE NORMS SCORES AREA REMARKS
P99-P80 29.65-27.7 VERY HIGH AWARENESS
P75-P70 27.2-26.7 HIGH AWARENESS
P60-P40 25.5-22.95 AVERAGE AWARENESS
P30-P25 21.6-20.91 LOW AWARENESS
P20-P1 20-13 VERY LOW AWARENESS
The above norms were conducted on the basis of the mean and SD obtained in pilot study.
The mean was 23.72 and the SD was 4.35.
Data Analysis Techniques
This survey study used various techniques are mean, standard deviation, t-test,
questionnaires.
Objective Wise Analysis and Interpretations
To evaluate the awareness of secondary school students towards sustainable
development.
Result:
There are 200 samples for this study. Every items (30 items) mark is 1. The Total sample
score is 4649. The mean of samples is 23.25. The norms table are given below.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2727

11. TABLE 2.4.Mean of the samples
No. Of students X2 MEAN
200 4649 23.25
Table 2.5.Pilot study
PERCENTILE NORMS SCORES AREA REMARKS
P99-P80 29.65 - 27.7 Very high awareness
P75-P70 27.2 - 26.7 High awareness
P60-P40 25.5 - 22.95 Average awareness
P30-P25 21.6 - 20.91 Low awareness
P20-P1 20 - 13 Very low awareness
Interpretation
It can find out that the awareness of secondary school students towards environmental
awareness mean score is 23.25. The pilot study, mean scores area of average awareness are
25.5 - 22.95. So, the awareness of secondary school students towards environmental
awareness is average.
To compare the awareness of rural and urban secondary school students towards
sustainable development.
Result
TABLE 2.6.There is no significance difference between rural and urban secondary school
students towards sustainable development
Sl.
No
Locality No. Of
Students
Mean SD
Pooled
SED M.D C.R Table
Value
Remark
1 rural 125 24.28 4.01 0.58 1.24 2.12 1.97
At 0.05
level
H0 is
rejected
At 0.05
level of
significance
2 urban 75 23.04 2.60 at
0.01
level
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2728

12. Interpretation
It can find out that the table value 1.97 at 0.05 level of confidence. Since, our calculated t
value that is 2.12 which is more than the table value, we can reject the null hypothesis at 0.05
level of significance. Our hypothesis is rejecting. Therefore, we can say that the two groups
namely Rural and urban students differ significantly with regard to awareness of sustainable
development.
Since, the means score of rural students is higher than that of the urban students, we can say
that rural students are more aware of environment than the urban students.
Figure 1.2.Mean and SD values of sustainable development of rural and urban students
To compare the awareness of boy and girl secondary school students towards
sustainable development.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Rural Mean Rural SD pooled Urban Mean Urban SD pooled
4.01
23.04
4.01
24.28
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2729

13. RESULT:
TABLE 2.7.There is no significance difference between boy and girl
secondary students towards sustainable development.
Sl.
No
Gender No. of
Students
Mean SD
Pooled
SED M.D C.R Table
Value
Remark
1 boys 134 22.69 4.06 0.69 1.68 2.77 1.97 at 0.05
level
H0 is
rejected
at0.01
Level of
significance
2 girls 66 24.38 2.60 at0.01
level of
significance
Interpretation
It can find out that the table value 2.60 at 0.01 level of confidence. Since, our calculated t
value that is 2.77 which is more than the table value, we can reject the null hypothesis at 0.01
level of significance. Our hypothesis is rejecting. Therefore, we can say that the two groups
namely boys and girls student differs significantly with regard to awareness of sustainable
development.
Since the means score of girl students is higher than that of the boy students, we can say that
girl students are more aware of environment than the boy students.
Figure 1.3.Mean and SD values of sustainable development of boy and girl students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
boys mean boys SD pooled girls mean girls SD pooled
22.6
9
4.06
24.3
8
4.0
6
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2730

14. References
1. Amirthalingam, S. (2014). Sustainable Development and International Trade: A Study
with Special Reference to Article Xx of Gatt (master’s thesis). The Tamil Nadu Dr.
Ambedkar Law University, Chennai.
2. Manisha, M. (2016). Sustainable development and impact on Biodiversity in Bhiwani
district (Haryana) (master’s thesis). Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University,
Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan.
3. Patange, G.S., Khond, M.P., & Chaudhari, N.V. (2016). Some studies and investigations
on cleaner production of foundry industries for sustainable development. International
Journal of Industrial Engineering Research and Development (Ijierd), 3(2), 51-57.
Retrieved from http://www.iaeme.com/Ijierd/index.asp.
4. Ramchurjee, N.A. (2014). Impact and potential contribution to sustainable development
in Karnataka (master’s thesis). University of Mysore, Manasangangotri, Mysore.
5. Saxena, S. (2008). Sustainable development of groundwater resources and environmental
impact on hydrogeological regime in parts of Delhi, India (master’s thesis). Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh (India).
6. Sharma., R., Xu., J., & Sharma., G. (2010). Traditional agroforestry in the eastern
Himalayan region: Land management system supporting ecosystem services. Ecosystem
Services of Agroforestry System, 48(2), 189-200, Retrieved from www.tropecol.com.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue IV, APRIL/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
Page No : 2731