The utility of barcoding in documenting fish diversity in a poorly explored African river system

1. The utility of barcoding in documenting fish diversity
in a poorly explored African river system
Ernst Swartz, Monica Mwale, Tuuli Makinen and Paul Skelton
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
e.swartz@saiab.ac.za; www.saiab.ac.za
4th International Barcode of Life Conference November 2011, Adelaide, Australia

2. Kwanza River system
Congo DRC Zambia
Kwanza Angola
Atlantic Namibia
Ocean
South Africa
Cunene Okavango
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

3. Descriptions/Country or Region
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

4. Accumulative Species Descriptions
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

5. Species/Decade
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

6. Collections in Africa
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

7. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
D
R
Ta C
nza
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011
C n
am ia
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on Za i
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N
ig
er
ia
K
en
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A
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U a
ga
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ab
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Why Angola?
a
G
ha
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B
ur
C un
ot
e di
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Si Iv
er oi
ra re
Le
on
e
Li
be
Top 20: Number of Indigenous Freshwater Species
ria
N
ig
er
B
en
in
Adelaide, Australia

8. Why Angola?
FishBase & IUCN comparison (Freshwater)
450
400 FishBase
350
300 IUCN experts
250
IUCN GIS
200
150
100
50
0
o
a
a
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a
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az
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ut
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iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

9. IDs for Fisheries Management
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

10. Lower Kwanza Unsustainable?
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

11. Hydroelectricity development
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

12. Hydroelectricity development
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

13. Kwanza River system
Congo DRC Zambia
Kwanza Angola
Atlantic Namibia
Ocean
South Africa
Cunene Okavango
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

14. “Challenges”
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

15. Training
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

16. Field Negotiations
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

17. Trees
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

18. Identification success
Field vs Barcode IDs ID confidence
Barcode only
Species
18 21
57 8
68
Family
Genus
Barcode & Field
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

19. C
yp
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
rin
id
ae
C
ic
hl
id
ae
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011
Po
ec
ili
id
M ae
or
m
yr
id
ae
C
la
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oc
ho
ki
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Al
es
tid
Am ae
ph
ili
id
ae
Ba
gr
id
C ae
ith
ar
in
id
ae
Kn
er
iid
ae
C
lu
pe
id
ae
G
ob
iid
H ae
ep
M
Number of species in families
se
as ti d
ta ae
ce
m
be
lid
Po ae
ly
ne
m
id
Sc ae
hi
lb
ei
da
e
Adelaide, Australia

20. How does barcoding help?
Some Cyprinidae Diversity
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

21. 22
Middle 10
11
Lower

22. Environmental Impact Assessment
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

23. Recreationalbarcoding help?
How does Angling Potential
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

24. How does barcoding help?
Alien Invasive Species
Capanda - Mozambique tilapia (Aug 2008) Lucala - freshwater crayfish (Aug 2008)
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

25. Reddy & Swartz,
unpublished
Aplocheilichthys macrurus – Kwanza River
A. myaposae &
A. johnstoni complex
Aplocheilichthys macrurus – Kunene River
Kunene
A. macrurus
Kwanza
A. macrurus
Aplocheilichthys spilauchen
Other
southern African
Aplocheilichthys
Maximum Likelihood
Bayesian posterior
probabilities A. spilauchen

26. Utilisation of Barcoding
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

27. Utilisation of Barcoding
Register/Catalog “Language”
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

28. Utilisation of Barcoding
5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 60%
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

29. How does barcoding help?
Direct identification - limited, but growing
Indirect identification - already useful, growing
Sorting process - very successful, except for some cichlids
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

30. Way forward…
Expertise in Africa - regional collections and national positions?
Continued collaboration with overseas programs
“Type barcodes” - confidence rating
Access and benefit sharing - data release
iBOL 4, Nov. 2011 Adelaide, Australia

31. Acknowledgements
CBOL and Barcode of Life organising committee
National Research Foundation (South Africa)
CCDB, University of Guelph (Canada) and their sponsors
Domingos Neto and INIP collaborators (Angola)
SAIAB and DIFS (Rhodes University) collaborators (South Africa)
Rafael Neto and GAMEK participants (Angola)
Kissama National Parks participants (Angola)
Angola Governmental Agencies and participants