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Beardsley: Vaccines Sci Am 272-1, Jan 1995, 68-75 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 the Scientist, febr 2007, photo H.C. Robinson

Prevalence of DKT-vaccination ,[object Object],HIV 2009

Soorten vaccins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 virus infectiviteit in %

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 virus infectiviteit in % Logaritmische schaal!!

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 virus infectiviteit in % Logaritmische schaal!! tijd in min

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 tijd in min virus infectiviteit in % Logaritmische schaal!!

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 tijd in min virus infectiviteit in % Logaritmische schaal!! Geïnactiveerd virus = gedood vaccin

Formaldehyde inactivatie 100 10 1 0,1 0 0 15 30 45 60 tijd in min virus infectiviteit in % Logaritmische schaal!! Geïnactiveerd virus = gedood vaccin

Safety! Monkey virus may be cleared of cancer link ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 Nature 431, 2004, 495

Rotavirus second chance ,[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 “ Then came a devastating setback. In summer 1999, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a rare but alarming association between the vaccine and a potentially fatal bowel obstruction, called intussusception. Wyeth immediately pulled the vaccine, RotaShield, from the market, amid consensus that the risk, then pegged at 1 in 2500 children immunized, was far too great in the United States, where diarrheal deaths are exceedingly rare.” From: Science, 305, 2004, 1890-1893

Correlates of immune protection HIV 2009 Pantaleo and Koup, Nature Medicine 10, 2004, 806

Correlates of immune protection HIV 2009 Pantaleo and Koup, Nature Medicine 10, 2004, 806 Amazing LTLP

Problem: multiple vaccinations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 1 st exposure 2 nd exposure weeks 1° response 2° response Ab titer

Problem for vaccine makers: The poliovaccine drama in 1955 Science 310, 2005, 975. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 ,[object Object]

Major WHO victories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009

Polio uitbraak Nigeria Nature medicine, 12 december 2007 ,[object Object],[object Object],HIV 2009 ===================

GKA deel 2 college 2

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