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T6 a osseweijer_food security and energy compilation_18nov2014_patricia
- 1. 1Challenge the future Bioenergy and Food Security SCOPE Patricia Osseweijer, Helen Watson, Francis Johnson
- 2. Bioenergy and Food Security Working Group • *Patricia Osseweijer, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands • *Helen Watson, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa • Francis X. Johnson; Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden • Mateus Batistella, Embrapa, Campinas/SP, Brazil • Luis A.B. Cortez, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Brazil • Lee R. Lynd; Dartmouth College, USA • Stephen R. Kaffka, University of California, Davis, USA • Stephen Long; University of Illinois, USA • Hans van Meijl; Wageningen Univesity, LEI, Netherlands • Andre M. Nassar; Agroicone, Sao Paulo/SP; Brazil • Jeremy Woods, Imperial College London, U.K. *Corresponding Authors
- 3. Biomass type/source Woody biomass Herbaceous biomass Biomass from fruits or seeds Others (including mixtures) Dedicated Feedstocks or extraction Extraction from native forests, Forest plantations Cereals (e.g. maize, wheat) Energy grasses (e.g. sugarcane, miscanthus) Oilseed crops (e.g. jatropha, sunflower) Oil fruits (e.g. oil palm) (mixed biomass sources can be used for some applications) Residues (Direct) Logging by- products Thinning by- products Straw, Bagasse, husks shells and husks, fruit bunches Animal dung, Landscape management by- products Residues (Indirect) Sawmill wastes, Black liquor (from pulp/paper production) Fibre crop processing wastes, Recycled fibre products Food processing by-products Waste oils Bio-sludge, Slaughterhouse by-products, Municipal solid waste (MSW) Different types and sources of biomass used for energy (yellow = potential competition with food)
- 4. • 1,4 Bha of suitable land available for sustainable rain-fed agriculture. 130-219 Mha needed for population increases • industrial & fuelwood forest biomass on non- arable lands • Specific bioenergy crops are capable of substantially - increasing organic matter, & nitrogen content of soils, & - decreasing salt, & heavy metal content of soils improve soil quality & productivity for food crops • Bioenergy crops as barriers to reduce food loss from animals, & soil erosion by wind & water
- 5. Share of Traditional Biomass in Residential Consumption Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2.5 billion people depend on traditional biomass for cooking
- 6. Intensity of agricultural cultivation remains low in Latin America and Africa: would like to use land resources more productively for food, feed, fuel, fibre, bio-chemicals
- 7. Biomass & Poverty Belt RED ARROW = biomass/bioenergy flow BLUE ARROW = technology and investment flow Potential geo-economic context for bioenergy, agriculture, development: flow of bioenergy commodities, technology transfer, investment
- 8. 8Challenge the future Causal relations? Food prices linked fossil, fertiliser & civil conflicts Source: Hsiang et al., Nature 2011
- 9. Food security is access to sufficient food by all people, at all times – in terms of quality, quantity, and diversity – for an active and healthy life without risk of loss of such access After Seregeldin (Former President Worlbank), 2003
- 10. Food Security • Not Just production, also access • Not Just output, also process • Not Just technology, also policy • Not Just global, also national • Not Just national, also household • Not Just rural, also urban • Not Just amount, also content
- 11. (Source: Shutes et al. 2013) Indirect contributions of bioenergy expansion to food security
- 12. 12Challenge the future • There is enough land available for substantial production of bioenergy and food for a growing world population, expansion will be predominantly in Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America • There is no inherent causal relation between bioenergy production and food insecurity • Bioenergy can improve food production systems and rural economic development • Bioenergy can stimulate investments in agricultural production in poor areas and provide a dynamic switch system to produce energy or food whenever necessary • It is our ethical duty to develop and evaluate practices of combined bioenergy and food production in poor areas
- 13. 13Challenge the future Back in 2003 Ismail Seregeldin (former President Worldbank) introduced the challenges of the world • Food • Agriculture • Health • Industry & Environment In situation of Growing north south divide & rising inequities
- 14. As Much As 30% of Food Produced in Developing Countries Does Not Reach Consumers
- 17. Obesity in the US and the UK (% of total population) • 1991 22% • 2002 30% • 2025 42% Source: The Economist, The world in 2002, p.51
- 19. 19Challenge the future Back in 2003 Ismail Seregeldin (former President Worldbank) introduced the challenges of the world • Food • Agriculture • Health • Industry & Environment Growing north south divide rising inequities The solution: Knowledge & education Biotechnology New partnerships
- 20. 20Challenge the future And bioenergy! Bioenergy can make lives better Alleviate geopolitical issues Increase food security It requires good governance, but… If we can make a better world with bioenergy it is our duty to make this happen Read the report!