Conference presentation "2nd WCFTN, 2023" on Food Security and Nutrition

1. Food Security and Nutrition
By: Melaku Tafese Awulachew (MSc. Food Eng.)
Ethiopian institute of Agricultural research,
Food science and nutrition research
12th April 2023, 2nd WCFTN, 2023

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Objective
• Overview to Food Security and Nutrition: Current and future trend
• Food and nutrition: Future work
• Conclusion

3. 1. Introduction
• Food insecurity and malnutrition are viewed as a violation of human rights.
• People without access to healthy diets live in all regions of the world; thus,
we are facing a global problem that affects us all.
• Agriculture play a key role for food security and nutrition.
• In Ethiopia Agriculture accounts for about 50% of GDP and for 90 % total
export

4. Cont…
 Agricultural challenges-today and in the future:
Population increase and yield gap
Increasing food demand and the need to produce more
Demand for better quality and higher standards
Growing need for bio-energy
Climate change
Increasing cost crop production
Decreasing arable land

5. Cont…
• Current food consumption patterns generate “hidden costs”
related to health costs and climate-change costs.
• Researchers are still working to ensure access to safe,
nutritious and sufficient food for all people all year round, of
eradicating all forms of malnutrition.

6. 2. Objective
• The overall objective of this paper is to examine and describe
the issues of food security and nutrition related threat in depth
based on the food and nutrition security framework and
suggests focal areas lead to better food security and food
system resilience.

7. 3. Food System Challenges
Health
Food safety, nutrition, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, dementia, stroke, cancer, hunger, poverty, families/children
Ecological Footprint
Water/land use, natural resource and environmental stewardship,
greenhouse gas, global climate change, depleted soils

8. Cont…
Agricultural Competitiveness
Improve crop and animal agriculture; enhance farm productivity
and income; policies; supply chain; storage; transportation
Bio economy
Replacements for petroleum-based products and enhance
community economic well being

9. 4. Overview to Food Security and Nutrition: Current and future trend
• Food availability is necessary but not sufficient for food access, and access is
necessary but not sufficient for food utilization.
• However, these three dimensions depend on the stable availability of and
access to food supplies and resources to acquire adequate food to meet the
nutritional needs of all household members throughout their life cycle.

10. Cont…
• The current food system production, transport, processing, packaging,
storage, retail, consumption, loss and waste) feeds the great majority of
world population.
• The food system is under pressure from non-climate stressors
(e.g., population and income growth, demand for animal-sourced products),
and from climate change.

11. Cont…
• These climate and non-climate stresses are impacting the four
dimensions (pillars) of food security (availability, access,
utilization, and stability).
• Observed climate change is already affecting food security through
increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and greater
frequency of some extreme events.

12. Cont…
• Food security will be increasingly affected by projected future
climate change.
• Vulnerability of pastoral systems to climate change is very high.
• Fruit and vegetable production, a key component of healthy
diets, is also vulnerable to climate change.

13. Cont…
• About 21–37% of total greenhouse gas emissions are attributable to
the food system.
• These are from agriculture and land use, storage, transport,
packaging, processing, retail, and consumption.
• Supply-side practices can contribute to climate change mitigation by
reducing crop and livestock emissions, sequestering carbon in soils
and biomass, and by decreasing emissions intensity within
sustainable production systems.

14. Cont…
• Consumption of healthy and sustainable diets presents major
opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from food systems
and improving health outcomes. Reduction of food loss and waste could
lower greenhouse gas emissions and improve food security. Agriculture
and the food system are key to global climate change responses.

15. Cont…
• Combining supply-side actions such as efficient production,
transport, and processing with demand-side interventions such
as modification of food choices, and reduction of food loss and
waste, reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances food
system resilience.

16. Cont…
• For adaptation and mitigation throughout the food system,
enabling conditions need to be created through policies,
markets, institutions, and governance.

17. 5. Food and nutrition: Future work
• Promote high priority research/outreach in food quantity, food quality,
safety, and access in relation to nutrition and health
• Ensure food is nutritious and safe
• Work with local communities to fight hunger and food insecurity
• Food ,Health and Nutrition literacy

18. The food security framework emphasizes an economic approach in which food as a
commodity is a central focus, whereas, the nutrition security or malnutrition
framework adopts a biological approach in which centers on the nutritional status of
the human being. Food security objectives to be realized, all four dimensions must
be fulfilled simultaneously. Food and nutrition security is achieved, if adequate food
is available and accessible for and satisfactorily used and utilized by all individuals
at all times to live a healthy and active life.
Conclusion

19. Thank you for listening!
Question?