Environment management guidelines

1. Rubric
Present regulatory instruments used by either national,
regional, or international bodies in mitigation against
stated environmental effects/impacts
Description of methods /systems employed in the
maritime industry to mitigate against the
environmental effects/ impacts
An account of the social, economic, and environmental
impacts due to the stated environmental
effects/impacts

2. Economic effects
 port costs, marine expenses, food and beverages, fuel, water, maintenance.
passengers expenditures include those that are not part of the cruise itself,
such as taxis,
 souvenirs, shore excursions, food and beverages, etc. Crew expenditures
include
 restaurants, retail goods, recreational activities, transport, etc.
 Indirect effects result from the purchases of direct suppliers like goods
from other companies.

3.  Cruise Line Fines (US$) Violation
 Holland America
 (1998)
 $2 million Oily bilge water in Alaska’s Inside Passage.
 Royal Caribbean
 (1998)
 $9 million Falsifying records of oily bilge discharges in Florida
 and PuertoRico.
 Royal Caribbean
 (1999)
 $18 million 21 counts of dumplingoil, dry cleaning fluids, etc.,
 in US Coast Guard.
 Royal Caribbean
 (2000)
 $ 6.5 million Dumpingtoxic chemicals and oil-contaminateinto
 the Alaska’s waters.
 Carnival Corporation
 (2002)
 $ 18 million Dumpingoily waste from five ships and admitted
 that employees madefalse entries in record books
 from 1998 to 2001.
 Norwegian Cruise Line
 (2002)
 $ 1.5 million Dischargingoily bilge water and other waste from
 two ships. The fine was consideredlenient.
 Carnival Cruise Line
 (2003)
 $200.000 Noncompliancewith California stateballastwater
 law.
 Celebrity Cruises
 (2006)
 $100.000 Dumping 500,000 gallons of untreatedwastewater
 into PugetSound(Washington State).
 Louis Cruises (2007) $1.57 million Oil/fuel spill in WashingtonState.

4. Social and Economic impact
In some ways the social
and economic impacts of
cruising are interlinked.
The increasing numbers of cruise ship tourists
generate a range of economic benefits to host
economies and communities, including port
expenses and the purchase of fuel, water, food
and beverage supplies as well as passenger
expenditure in cafes, restaurants, excursions and
souvenirs.

6. Define the environmental impacts of
Waste from Cruise Ships which require
treatment or mitigation
 Cruise ships have been described as "floating cities" and like cities, they
have a lot of pollution problems. Their per capita pollution is actually
worse than a city of the same population, due to weak pollution control
laws, lax enforcement, and the difficulty of detecting illegal discharges at
sea.
 Environmentally the impacts associated with large cruise ships include the
emission of greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change, waste
from ships, which causes pollution and reduces the resilience of marine
ecosystems and damage to fragile coastal and marine environments.

7. PRESENTED BY
HERZIKIAH MOSES
RAMNATH
Treatment of
Waste from
Cruise Ships

8. Presented by:
H Ramnath
Treatment of
Waste from
Cruise Ships

9. All cruise ships generate the following
7 types of waste:
1. Sewage or "black water" from toilets
2. Grey water" from sinks, showers, laundries and galleys
3. Solid wastes (plastic, paper, wood, cardboard, food waste, cans, and glass)
4. Hazardous wastes (including perchloroethylene from drycleaning, photo-
processing wastes, paint waste, solvents, print shop wastes, fluorescent light
bulbs, and batteries)
5. Oily bilge water
6. Ballast water
7. Air pollution from the ship's diesel engines

10. Types of waste from cruise ship
Damage for a cruise ship with
3,000 passengers
Description
1.Blackwater
15,000 to 30,000 gallons per day
Blackwater is sewage, wastewater from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain
harmful bacteria, pathogens, diseases, viruses, intestinal parasites, and harmful
nutrients. Discharges of inadequately treated sewage can cause bacterial and viral
contamination of fisheries and shellfish beds, producing risks to public health.
Nutrients in sewage, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, promote excessive algal
growth, which consumes oxygen in the water and can lead to fish kills and destruction
of other aquatic life
2.Greywater
90,000 to 255,000 gallons per day
Graywater is wastewater from the sinks, showers, galleys, laundry, and cleaning
activities aboard a ship. It can contain a variety of pollutant substances, including fecal
coliform bacteria, detergents, oil and grease, metals, organics, and petroleum
hydrocarbons,
3.Solid waste Solid waste generated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminum and steel
cans, and plastics. Solid waste that enters the ocean may become marine debris, and it
can then pose a threat to marine organisms, humans, coastal communities, and
industries that utilize marine waters. Marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, and birds can
be injured or killed from entanglement with plastics and other solid waste that may be
released or disposed off of cruise ships.
4.Hazardous wastes Includes discarded and expired chemicals, medical waste, batteries, fluorescent lights,
and spent paints and thinners, among others.

11. A 3,000-passenger cruise ship (considered an average size, some carry 5,000 or more
passengers) generates the following amounts of waste on a typical one-week voyage:
 1 million gallons of "gray water"
 210,000 gallons of sewage
 25,000 gallons of oily bilge water
 Over 100 gallons of hazardous or toxic waste
 50 tons of garbage and solid waste
 Diesel exhaust emissions equivalent to thousands of automobiles
 In addition, these ships take in large quantities of ballast water, This water
is typically taken in at one port and then discharged at the ship's
destination, which can introduce invasive species and serious diseases

12. environmental impacts
 Environmentally the impacts associated with large cruise ships include the
emission of greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change, waste
from ships, which causes pollution and reduces the resilience of marine
ecosystems and damage to fragile coastal and marine environments
 These wastes, if not properly treated and disposed of, can be a significant
source of pathogens, nutrients, and toxic substances with the potential to
threaten human health and damage aquatic life.
 Cruise ships which carry thousands of people in close proximity to each
other can provide an environment for the rapid spread of contagious
diseases

13. Social & economic impacts
 Cruise Line Fines (US$) Violation
 Holland America
 (1998)
 $2 million Oily bilge water in Alaska’s Inside Passage.
 Royal Caribbean
 (1998)
 $9 million Falsifying records of oily Cruise Line Fines (US$) Violation
 Holland America
 (1998)
 $2 million Oily bilge water in Alaska’s Inside Passage.
 Royal Caribbean
 (1998)
 $9 million Falsifying records of oily bilge discharges in Florida
 and Puerto Rico.
 Royal Caribbean
 (1999)
 $18 million 21 counts of dumpling oil, dry cleaning fluids, etc.,
 in US Coast Guard.
 Royal Caribbean
 (2000)
 $ 6.5 million Dumping toxic chemicals and oil-contaminate into
 the Alaska’s waters.
 Carnival Corporation
 (2002)
 $ 18 million Dumping oily waste from five ships and admitted
 that employees made false entries in record books

14. Present regulatory
 The IMO implements the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships, as modified by the Protocol of 1978, known as
MARPOL 73/78. Cruise ships flagged under countries that are signatories
to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail
 Six Annexes of the Convention cover the various sources of pollution from
ships and provide an overarching framework for international objectives,
but they are not sufficient alone to protect the marine environment from
waste discharges, without ratification and implementation by sovereign
states

15. Marpol regulations
1. Annex I deals with regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil.
2. Annex II details the discharge criteria and measures for the control of
pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in bulk.
3. Annex III contains general requirements for issuing standards on packing,
marking, labeling, and notifications for preventing pollution by harmful
substances.
4. Annex IV contains requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage
5. Annex V deals with different types of garbage, including plastics, and
specifies the distances from land and the manner in which they may be
disposed of.
6. Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and other emissions from
marine vessel operations and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-
depleting substances.

16. Types of ships wastes
(http://www.viadonau.org/en/environment/ship-waste-management/)

17. Environmental effects /impacts which
require treatment/ mitigation
 . Waste that is generated due to ship operation and life on board needs to be
disposed of properly. If ship waste is not treated and disposed of correctly,
precious ecosystems and essential natural resources are threatened.
 Proper waste disposal reduces the risk of damage to the river ecosystem and
protects essential natural resources. viadonau is involved in the conception and
implementation of national and international projects in the field of ship-waste
management, as well as the development and coordination of existing systems
 Besides agriculture, navigation can also contribute to increased levels of
contaminants in waters by unlawfully discharging waste, such as bilge water,
lubricants or used oil. Apart from any resulting deterioration of water quality,
solid wastes (e.g. residual waste or plastic containers) can impair the ecosystem
as well. Austria has already taken important steps towards improving the waste
disposal infrastructure,

18. Methods to mitigate against
environmental effects

19. Regulatory instruments in the
mitigation against the environmental
impacts